No abstract

No abstract

The possibility is considered of using carbon fibers as a reinforcing element within the structure of periclase-carbon refractories. Laboratory and industrial test results are provided.Keywords: carbon fibers, reinforcement, periclase-carbon refractories, ultimate strength in bending, ultimate tensile strength.Extensive introduction of carbon-containing (periclasecarbon) refractories in the last fifteen years into steel smelting production has made it possible to increase by several factors the life of the main ferrous metallurgy heating units; converters, arc furnaces, and steel-pouring ladles [1 -3]. An increase in life has been achieved due to a set of unique properties of carbon-containing refractories. i.e., a combination of high refractoriness and temperature for the start of deformation under load. mechanical strength, and chemical resistance. However, currently the increase in improvement of carbon-containing refractories has stabilized for both technical and economic reasons, connected with the quality of raw material, binder compositions, object structure design, and the equipment used.The main reasons for breakdown of carbon-containing refractories are carbon component oxidation, i.e., graphite and binder coke residue [4], and the low quality of refractory filler and graphite [5,6], which worsens mechanical properties and reduces refractory corrosion resistance. Another important factor of carbon-containing refractory breakdown recently has become their inadequate thermal shock resistance (crack resistance), one of the typical symptoms of which is failure of a steel-pouring ladle in the form of vertical cracks (Fig. 1).A traditional method for improving refractory object crack and thermal shock resistance is fiber reinforcement.The structure of a refractory fiber serves as "useful" defects that halt crack propagation, and ion the other hand increase

Oncolytic viral therapy is a promising approach to targeted therapy of malignant tumors. In this article we consider the therapeutic potential of a non-pathogenic Coxsackie A7 virus (CA7V) with neurotropic properties on a model of human neuroblastoma. Purpose to study in vitro/in vivo sensitivity of human neuroblastoma HNB (from cell line JMR-32) to Coxsackie virus A7 (CA7V). Objectives: еvaluation of cytolytic activity in vitro on NB cells verified by cytomorphology and assessment of dynamics of the growth of subcutaneous neuroblastoma xenografts in Balb/c nude male mice exposed to CA7V multiple i.v. injections. Material and methods. CA7V was produced in the cells of line-producer С-33А. Cell culture and the strain of transplanted NB (JMR-32) were obtained from the Collection of N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center. Cytomorphologic verification of neuroblastoma and CA7V cytolytic activity were executed with the use of standard cultural methods, TCID50 and IC50 criteria. Experiments «in vivo» were performed on immunodeficient Balb/c nude male mice bred and reared in the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center. The experiments were made at day 6 when neuroblastoma subcutaneous xenografts developed to the Vmean = 79-82 mm3 by day 6. The treatment with CA7V at the i.v. single dose of 1×108 cells per mouse was performed 3 times with 72-hours intervals; evaluation of the efficacy was made according to standard criterion Т/С ≤ 42%; and control of the tumor growth rate (Vt/V0) in the dynamics. Statistical assessment was made with the software Excel for Windows 2007 with the use of T-test under p ≤ 0.05. Results. Cytolytic effect of CA7V on neuroblastoma cells was registered similar to basic parameters of the original line-producer С-33А: TCID50 = 0.99×10-4 pfu/cell, and IC50 = 1.11×10-4 pfu/cell; 48 and 72 hours after virus reproduction in NB cells the rate was 2.0 and 1.5-fold higher than in the line-producer cells. СA7V inhibiting effect on the growth of large subcutaneous neuroblstoma xenografts is registered after the first i.v. injection at the minimal level of T/C = 67% (criterion ≤ 42%) with the 1.5-fold decrease of the tumor growth rate and cancellation of early mice death by day 22 vs day 15 in the control group of untreated mice (n = 8). Conclusion. The obtained results allow to consider human neuroblastoma (JMR-32) to possess the low sensitivity to oncolytic effect of in vitro/in vivo. In order to obtain significant effect in vivo the treatment should be started in mice with 2-fold smaller tumors and a higher initial dose of the oncolytic agent.

No abstract