The results of the optimization of the design and regime parameters of the biogas plant of the original design are presented. The values of the temperature of the process of thermophilic anaerobic digestion of the substrate, the duration of its mixing, the number of revolutions of the heat exchanger-mixer, at which the maximum yield of biofertilizer is ensured, have been established.

Департамент научно-технологической политики и образования Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Российский научно-исследовательский институт информации и технико-экономических исследований по инженерно-техническому обеспечению агропромышленного комплекса»

Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov 2(40) 2023 76 АГРОИНЖЕНЕРИЯ И ПИЩЕВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ AGROENGINEERING AND FOOD TECHNOLOGIES Технологии, машины и оборудование для агропромышленного комплекса Technologies, Machines and Equipment for the Agro-industrial Complex

The article analyzes the problem of reducing the dependence of diesel engines on petroleum fuels and improving their performance through the use of alternative renewable fuels. It is shown that at this stage of the development of domestic alternative energy, it is more rational to use vegetable fuels in internal combustion engines. A procedure for optimizing the composition of a three-component biofuel mixture based on the results of studying the effect of its use in the D-240 diesel engine is presented. Regression equations for the dependence of the properties of three-component mixtures on their composition are obtained and isolines are constructed in barycentric coordinates of the triangular diagram "composition – property". It has been established that when the supply of a three-component biofuel mixture is changed, the diesel power changes from 31 to 55 kW. At the same time, significant differences in the compositions of the mixtures are noticeable when obtaining the same power range. Changing the ratio of ethanol and water at the inlet and vegetable oil into the combustion chamber changes the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases of a diesel engine in the range from 1.32 to 1.95 mg/l. When ethanol and inlet water and vegetable oil are supplied to the combustion chamber, the content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust gases varies from 0.01 to 0.1 mg/l. An analysis of the isolines plotted together on the simplex shows that at a power above 45 kW, the power and toxic performance of a diesel engine are primarily affected by nitrogen oxides. Increasing the permissible concentration of nitrogen oxides by only 0.07 mg/l significantly increases the area for obtaining power above 45 kW. The second in terms of the severity of imposing restrictions on obtaining high powers, and, consequently, on the composition of mixtures, is carbon black. The power range above 45 kW sharply increases with an increase in the allowable opacity of exhaust gases from 0.21 to 0.27 mg/l.

In the article, based on the analysis of the process of removing vegetation during reclamation work, it is shown that in order to perform them at the lowest amount of current and capital costs, it is necessary to take into account the limited nature of certain types of resources, the requirements for certain types of work, and other factors. In the course of mathematical modeling, it was taken into account that the number of technical means for performing the planned work should not exceed the amount of machines available on the farm, bought again and attracted from other farms, minus those to be withdrawn from the balance sheet and leased during this period. When establishing the amount of fuels and lubricants for a specific period when performing mechanized work, it is necessary to keep in mind the intensity of use of machines. When planning the number of machines and their use, it is necessary to take into account the seasonal nature of the work and the limited reserves for replenishing the staff of machine operators. Specific restrictions are formulated that allow for a comprehensive planning of the use of machines and the labor of machine operators. As a result of the research, it was found that the development of a plan for the optimal distribution of the fleet of machines allows you to establish the best option for using machines, the efficiency of performing specific operations of the technological process by individual machines, ensuring that the existing machines perform work in the optimal time, which ultimately helps to increase the profitability of operating machines on 15-35%.