The objective of the present work was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of the development of allergic rhinitis among the children at the age from 3 to 6 years. The cross-sectional study was carried out in five cities of the Altai region during the period from 2015 to 2016. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was evaluated with the use of the Russian language version of the ISAAC questionnaire filled up by the parents of the children. A child whose parents answered in the affirmative to the question 'Did your child have the runny nose, nasal congestion, and/or sneezing in the absence of cold symptoms and acute viral infection during the last 12 months?' were considered to be suffering from active allergic rhinitis (AAR). The risk factors for the development of this condition were identified with the use of an additional questionnaire. A total of 3205 filled questionnaires were available for the analysis. Based on the data obtained, the prevalence of active allergic rhinitis among the study population was estimated at 18.0% (n=577). 243 (42.1%) of these children presented with the symptoms of conjunctivitis. Therefore, the prevalence of active allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC appears to be 7.5% (n=243). In fact, the medically verified diagnosis of allergic rhinitis was established only in 6.4% (n=204) children of the 577 ones having AAR. The family history of allergic rhinitis was shown to increase the risk of development of AAR by 2.6 times (OR=2.63 , 95%; CI=2.16-3.19; p<0.01) and that of ARC by 2.8 times (OR=2.85, 95%; CI=2.16-3.75; p<0.01). Masculine gender was found to increase the risk of development of both AAR an ARC by 1.3 times (OR=1.35, 95%; CI=1.01-1.37; p<0.05) and (OR=1.35, 95%; CI=1.03-1.76; p<0.05) respectively. The actual prevalence of active allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than the frequency of the medically verified diagnoses of this condition. It is concluded that the family history of allergic diseases and the masculine gender considerably increase the risk of development of both AAR and AFC.

Информация о распространенности аллергической и неаллергической бронхиальной астмы среди детей дошкольного возраста ограничена в связи с недостаточным количеством исследований. В то же время определение фенотипа заболевания является ключевым для выбора оптимальной терапии и определения прогноза. Цель исследования: установить распространенность аллергической и неаллергической бронхиальной астмы у детей 3-6 лет, проживающих в городских условиях Алтайского края, и изучить спектр сенсибилизации. Проведено одномоментное популяционное исследование, состоявшее из двух этапов. На этапе скрининга в исследование включены 3205 детей в возрасте 3-6 лет, посещающих дошкольные образовательные учреждения. Симптомы бронхиальной астмы определяли, используя опросник ISAAC. На клиническом этапе диагноз заболевания верифицировали аллергологи на основании диагностических критериев GINA. Аллергический фенотип бронхиальной астмы устанавливали при положительном прик-тесте и/или при уровне специфических IgE в крови >0,35 кЕ/л как минимум к одному аллергену. Результаты. Распространенность бронхиальной астмы среди городских детей в возрасте 3-6 лет составила 5,7%. Распространенность аллергической бронхиальной астмы преобладает над неаллергической-4 и 1,7% соответственно. Состояние большинства детей сенсибилизировано к 2 аллергенам и более, наиболее часто отмечается сенсибилизация к клещу домашней пыли Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (42,9%), пыльце березы (34,3%) и эпителию кошки (27,5%). Заключение. Установлена высокая (5,7%) распространенность бронхиальной астмы среди детей 3-6 лет, проживающих в городских условиях Алтайского края с преобладанием аллергического фенотипа.

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Introduction. Quality of life (QL) reflects the full picture of the state of health of the child and provides important information that goes beyond the clinical symptoms. Therefore, taking into consideration features of QL parameters of adolescents - carriers of polymorphisms of genes of the folate cycle is extremely important for preventing long-term adverse effects (depression, cognitive impairment, psycho-emotional lability). Purpose of the study. Determination of QL of adolescents with polymorphic substitutions in the genes of the folate cycle and the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC). Materials and method. Under observation there were 157 boys aged of 16-17 years. The general questionnaire - Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0) was used as a tool for studying QL of observed cases. Determination of allelic variants of folate cycle genes was carried out in the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics. There was applied the lay-based analysis method of polymerase chain reaction in real time (Real-Time PCR) with using the TaqMan probes competing. Results. In the presence of heterozygotes or homozygotes compound gene MTHFR, MTR, MTRR in adolescents, there was noted a statistically significant reduction in QL indices in emotional and school functioning, psychosocial health and total score. HHC in adolescents was found to significantly reduce the QL indices of emotional, school functioning, psychosocial health and total score. Homocystein level in blood plasma is adjusted when assigning folic acid, resulting in a significant improvement of QL in adolescents. Conclusion. In order to prevent long-term negative effects (depression, emotional lability, cognitive impairments, mental illness, thrombosis), it is worth to carry out a study of QL in adolescents with assessment both of polymorphic substitutions in the genes of the folate cycle and the level of homocysteine in the blood plasma for the timely prescription folate, vitamin correction and improvement QL in adolescents.