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This study proposed a hub-and-spoke network design model with the uncertainty of a competitor's information in a duopolistic airline market. The market share is affected by the prices of both players in the market and the prices are assumed to be proportional to their transportation costs. The source of uncertainty in the problem is due to the imperfect information on the competitor's price setting. The stochastic programming was applied to formulate the system randomness. An illustrative example from air freight data was used to test the proposed model. The sensitivity analysis was used to investigate the interactions between the stochastic factors.

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Enterprise Information Systems, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, have been applied to integrate business processes within a global manufacturing enterprise. Recently, the inter-organizational systems are applied to assist in business data sharing and collaboration among enterprises based on the ERP application. However, their resource requirements and failure rates are high, and many enterprises are concerned about the Business-to-Business (B2B) effectiveness. In this research, the authors study global manufacturing enterprises, which developed their B2B systems with Taiwanese government sponsorship successfully. B2B effectiveness is evaluated through operational efficiency and profitability, while the business scale, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) induced supplier numbers, and application scope are considered influencing factors. After the evidence of multiple regression models and non-parametric statistic testing, the results show that only the application scope has a significant impact on profitability. The authors discuss these results from the perspective of enterprise integration as well as the system application scope and give suggestions to global manufacturing enterprises that want to apply inter-organizational systems.