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Modern possibilities of operational hydrodynamic forecast of meteorological variables and weather characteristics at points are discussed. The development of geophysical hydrodynamics, computing techniques, and parametrization methods of physical processes necessitates passing to detailed hydrodynamic weather forecasts at points. Skill scores of such objective forecasts are higher than those of synoptic forecasts.The hydrodynamic short-range weather forecast (HSWF) is the precomputation of fields of meteorological variables on the base of the advance in geophysical hydrodynamics, computing mathematics and techniques, and effective accounting of the parametrization of physical processes in the hydrodynamic model. Skill scores of HSWF depend mainly on the accuracy and completeness of the initial information, i.e., on the results of the multielement analysis of standard meteorological information at different levels of atmosphere.The development of prognostic models of atmosphere on the base of constantly increasing capabilities of the computing technique enables to use higher and higher horizontal and vertical resolution and more accurate parametrizations of physical processes. Continuous work resulted in the creation of operational methods or (according to modern terminology) operational techniques of HSWF, which operate in the optimal way, taking account of factors, mentioned above.The use in the Hydrometcenter of Russia of improved methods of the description of turbulent processes in the boundary layer, radiation and condensation heat exchange in the atmosphere, processes of convective clouds' formation and shower-type precipitation made it possible to develop the methods of hydrodynamic short-range weather forecast at points and to start their practical application [3-6, 11, 12, 14, 17]. The essential progress in the field of hydrodynamic short-range weather forecasting is achieved at present in the forecast of surface meteorological variables, characteristics, and weather phenomena at points: pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, cloudiness and precipitation, snowstorms, glaze, etc. HSWF of surface variables is supplemented with the forecast of meteorological fields at different levels of atmosphere. As the hydrodynamic methods of analysis and forecast of meteorological fields, as well as geophysical hydrodynamics itself, develop, the accuracy becomes higher, and the range of meteorological variables and phenomena, predicted by HSWF, increases. Operational methods (techniques) of HSWF computations have been, until recently, additional material for weather forecasters, who formulated the final text of the weather forecast. The situation changed when, according to resolutions of the Central Methodical Committee on Hydrometeorological Forecasts (CMCF), the forecasts for Moscow stations (author L.V. Berkovich) and for Moscow and Moscow region on the base of the mesoscale model of the Hydrometcenter of Russia (author D.Ya. Pressman) were recommended for the introduction into practice on July 3, 2000 and April 16, ...

The paper presents a formation and modification mechanism for scenarios of socio-economic development of rural areas of Russia. The long-term nature of strategic planning and the high risk of future uncertainty require flexible approaches, based on the allocation of several acceptable points of favorable, moderate and negative implementation of macroeconomic factors. The authors present a technique that determines the admissibility of the development trajectory of agricultural territory.

The article theoretically proves that crisis becomes a factor of evolution of economic systems in the conditions of market economy. The crisis is a category of macro -, meso – and micro-level and occurs in the world, national and regional economies. "*"So authors proves that crises have a particular importance for corporations: on the one hand organizations are the accumulators of all negative manifestations of the external environment of activity, and on the other they are independent sources of bifurcations, developing in the internal system of relations. In this regard, in spite of all the negative aspects of the financial crisis for the functioning of the country's economy, it can be considered as an incentive to find opportunities for development and increase the efficiency of corporate production. Practical point of view shows that the use of the capabilities of each individual corporation in the context of the financial crisis should be based on forecasting the impending threats of crisis phenomena and their elimination, leveling or using for economic growth. The growth prospects listed in the article are an example of turning of negative economic factors into opportunities for the development of commercial structures. At the same time, each business entity should work out a business development strategy and have a mobile financial policy that can be adapted as soon as possible in unstable conditions dictated by the crisis.

The article presents proposals for the development of investment activity in agriculture in relation to its most vulnerable sectors. It is scientifically proven that investment activities should be carried out continuously, that is, permanently reproduced. In turn, the permanent process of reproduction of forms of capital, the transformation of investments into capital gains and their full recovery have their own specifics in agriculture. The authors investigated the approaches to the organization of investment activity in the works of Russian and foreign economists, identified its regional characteristics for the Voronezh region. It is proposed to consider the vegetable growing industry as the driver of agricultural development of the region on the basis of the organization of investment activity. A brief description of the vegetable industry of the Voronezh region, identified and systematized general, sectoral and organizational and economic features of the functioning of vegetable enterprises, which have a direct impact on the reproduction of investment activity. The investment climate of the region, potential sources and programs of financing are studied and the possibility of development of regional vegetable growing is concluded.