RH is common in full-term newborns. A lower prevalence of newborn RH was found in infants delivered by mothers with a history of cesarean delivery. In contrast, SVD and cephalhematoma were found to be potential risk factors for the development of newborn RH in full-term infants. Infants with these risk factors may, therefore, require greater attention in regard to RH development.

Objective To assess the current status of caesarean delivery (CD) in China, propose reference CD rates for China overall, and by regions, investigate the main indications for CDs and identify possible areas for safe reduction. Design A multicentre cross‐sectional study. Setting A total of 94 hospitals across 23 provinces in China. Population A total of 73 977 randomly selected deliveries. Methods We used a modified Robson classification to characterise CDs in subgroups and by regions, and the World Health Organization (WHO) C‐Model to calculate reference CD rates. Main outcome measures CD rates in China. Results In 2015–2016, the overall CD rate in China was 38.9% (95% CI 38.6–39.3%). Considering the obstetric characteristics of the population, the multivariable model‐based reference CD rate was estimated at 28.5% (95% CI 28.3–28.8%). Accordingly, an absolute reduction of 10.4% (or 26.7% relative reduction) may be considered. The CD rate varied substantially by region. Previous CD was the most common indication in all regions, accounting for 38.2% of all CDs, followed by maternal request (9.8%), labour dystocia (8.3%), fetal distress (7.7%) and malpresentation (7.6%). Overall, 12.7% of women had prelabour CDs, contributing to 32.8% of the total CDs. Conclusions Nearly 39% of births were delivered by caesarean in China but a reduction of this rate by a quarter may be considered attainable. Repeat CD contributed more than one‐third of the total CDs. Given the large variation in maternal characteristics, region‐specific or even hospital‐specific reference CD rates are needed for precision management of CD. Tweetable abstract The caesarean rate in 2015–2016 in China was 38.9%, whereas the reference rate was 28.5%.

Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) is related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, women with hyperglycemia in the second and third trimester of pregnancy (HISTTP) were not been observed. We aim to reveal associations between HISTTP and prematurity. To confirm which risk factor is better in predicting preterm delivery. This retrospective study included 660 patients, of which 132 have HISTTP and 528 have euglycemia. Univariate analysis was used to extract risk factors and multivariates logistic regression analysis to obtain odds ratio (OR) for prematurity. Mean decrease gini (MDG) in random forest algorithm was used to rank the risk factors. HISTTP women have higher prepregnancy BMI and a higher percentage of family history of hypertension, maternal adiposity, maternal anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), prematurity, neonatal asphyxia in 1-minute (P < .05). Univariate analysis of prematurity showed that preterm women had higher rate of HISTTP (P < .01), second births, elderly pregnancy, hypertention, family history of hypertention and multiple perinatal infant (P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicates that HISTTP (OR = 2.984, P = .0017), maternal hypertension (OR = 5.208, P = .001) and multiple perinatal infants (OR = 59.815, P < .0001) are independent risk factors for prematurity. After ranked the MDG, the top 3 risk factors were multiple perinatal infants, maternal hypertension, HISTTP. MDG of HISTTP is higher than that of GDM. Women with HISTTP deserve to be concerned, whose prematurity rate are increased. HISTTP is an independent risk factor and a better predictor of prematurity.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death in the world and seriously threatens human health. Pyroptosis is a new type of cell death discovered in recent years. Several studies have revealed that ROS-induced pyroptosis plays a key role in CVD. However, the signaling pathway ROS-induced pyroptosis has yet to be fully understood. This article reviews the specific mechanism of ROS-mediated pyroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, macrophages, and cardiomyocytes. Current evidence shows that ROS-mediated pyroptosis is a new target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI), and heart failure (HF).

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