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Purpose: To prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by various techniques, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of the NPs against human osteoarthritic chondrocytes was studied using eosin Y test method. Results: The change in color of the reaction solution from colorless to pale white within 1 h indicated the formation of ZnO NPs. FTIR results revealed coating of plant polyphenols on ZnO

Many studies have focused on the fabrication of Cu nanowires, because of their potential applications in diverse fields such as nanoelectronics and gene delivery. In this study, we successfully fabricated Cu nanowires by electrochemical deposition method. Cu nanowires was synthesized by electroplating from a 0.4M CuSO4 bath, and the current was 0.005A. The length of nanowires can be controlled via deposition time and current. After depositing for 60 minutes, the length of the nanowires is approximately 10 µm. Serum coated and non-coated nanowires with the concentration of 102, 103, 104 and 105 were added to 96-well cell culture plate in which mesenchymal stem cells were pre-seeded. After incubating for 3 days, cytotoxicity of nanowires was measured with MTT assay method. Results indicated that cytotoxicity increased as the increase of nanowires concentration. Serum coated nanowires had higher cell viability as compared with the non-coated group.

The objective was to elucidate the mechanisms of cellular uptake and trafficking of peptide gold nanostructures (Au‐Pep). Peptide A (PepA) contains the carboxy‐terminal sequence Lys‐Asp‐Glu‐Leu (KDEL). Peptide B (PepB) is a random sequence peptide with no known receptor‐binding activity. Au‐Pep were incubated with Sol8 cells for 15 mins in DMEM without serum, followed by a 1 h chase period in DMEM plus serum. Cellular compartments including clathrin‐coated vesicles, Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were labeled for peptide colocalization studies. In a subsequent study, cells were transfected to overexpress KDEL receptor (KDELR), followed by Au‐Pep incubation. Cell imaging was performed using confocal fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that free PepA uptake was significantly greater in KDELR overexpressing cells, whereas there was no difference in PepB uptake, suggesting that free PepA was internalized via KDELR‐mediated endocytosis. However, Au‐Pep uptake was similar in KDELR overexpressing cells and controls, suggesting that KDELR‐mediated endocytosis was not predominant for Au‐Pep internalization. Colocalization data showed that for all peptide treatments, most localized in the ER. This may suggest that these peptides are trafficked via a retrograde coat protein complex I mediated transport pathway. In conclusion, Au‐PepA may provide a nanoplatform for drug delivery. This work was supported by the University of Idaho Blue Ribbon BANTech Initiative.