An in-plane pressure sensor (IPPS) consisting of graphene sandwiched by hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and a tunneling pressure sensor (TPS) consisting of h-BN sandwiched by graphene are demonstrated. The responses as function of external pressure are modeled. The current varies by 3 orders of magnitude as pressure increases from 0 to 5 nN/nm2. The IPPS current is negatively correlated to pressure, whereas TPS current exhibits positive correlation to pressure. The IPPS design is insensitive to the number of wrapping h-BN layers, indicating precise process control is unnecessary. The result paves a viable avenue towards realizing of atomic scale pressure sensors.

Electronic transport properties of graphene under uniaxial compressive strain are studied using ab initio calculations. With approximate thermal perturbation, buckling occurs when strain exceeds a threshold, comparing to flat unperturbed structures. Transmissions of flat graphene compressed along zigzag direction (ZCG) and buckled graphene compressed along armchair direction (ACG) are insensitive to strain, whereas those of buckled ZCG and flat ACG are negatively correlated to strain. Flat graphene has anisotropic resistance along the strain direction, while buckling suppresses the anisotropy by releasing the strain. The insensitivity of buckled graphene on strain direction and out-of-plane deformation makes feasible to implement flexible electronics.

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During the smelting process of the AOD furnace, the unbalanced reaction of material will lead to the occurrence of splashing. It will not only damage the smelting equipment but also seriously injure the personnel. In this study, first, the information of liquid level, audio information and vibration information are detected by multiple sensors respectively. Then the fused information is used to forecast the splashing. Finally, the multitasking fuzzy controller is used to suppress splashing. The results show that the method of forecasting and suppressing splashing can accurately forecast and achieve rapid suppression. Thus the efficiency of smelting can be improved.