Background: Type 2 diabetes is regarded as one of the major public health problems worldwide. We aim to investigate the prevalence, treatment, and control rate in the Chinese urban population aged 65 years or older and also identified associated risk factors. Methods: One hundred twenty-four thousand seven participants aged 65 years old and older were recruited from January 2018 through December 2018 at local community health service centers in Shenzhen. Fasting plasma glucose, as well as other biochemical indicators, were measured by standard methods. The analysis of multivariate logistic regression was applied to assess associated risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Results: Approximately 22.5% of elderly urban Chinese residents had diabetes. Among people with diabetes, 54.8% received medical treatment. Only 34.4% of those who were treated had their glycemic controlled. The prevalence of T2D increased with increasing age before 80 years old, male, inadequate active physical activity, drinking, previous history of CVD, higher BMI, central obesity, and hypertension. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that attention should be paid to the prevention and control of T2D in Chinese urban elderly population. The health policy department should develop effective strategies aimed at improving health care management of T2D in elderly adults.

Background There may be a beneficial effect on lipid levels in Shenzhen in recent years. In this study, we aimed to examine trends in serum lipids in population in Shenzhen between 2009 and 2015. Methods We enrolled 2210 adults aged 18–70 years from two independent cross-sectional studies conducted in 2009 and 2015. Blood lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), were measured. Chi-square test, t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied for data analysis. Results From 2009 to 2015, mean LDL-C declined from 3.05 ± 0.76 mmol/L in 2009 to 2.27 ± 0.75 mmol/L in 2015 (P < 0.001). Similarly, a significant 7.09% decrease in the prevalence of high LDL-C was observed over the same period (P < 0.001). There was an increasing trend in the prevalence of low HDL-C among adults in Shenzhen (P < 0.001). A no-significant increase in prevalence of dyslipidemia was also observed over this 6-year interval (P = 0.139). The prevalence of dyslipidemia was closely related with increasing age, male gender, current smoker, diabetes, obesity and overweight. Conclusion This study shows a favourable downward trend in LDL-C concentration in Shenzhen. However, more intense strategies are needed to control dyslipidemia.

Objective: Few studies reported the association between serum uric acid and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in China's coastal residents. We aimed to examine the association between serum uric acid and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome as well as its components in adults and elderly from Shenzhen (a China's coastal city). Methods: We conducted a survey in a community-based household population in Shenzhen, collecting data about 4049 participants aged 20-69 years. Based on the data, we determined the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adults and elderly with different serum uric acid concentrations. Results: According to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the surveyed participants was 24.69% [95% confidence interval (CI): 23.4%-26.0%]. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in participants with serum uric acid levels <4, 4-4.9, 5-5.9, 6-6.9, 7-7.9, and ‡8 mg/dL is 10.12% (95% CI: 8., respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants with higher serum uric acid levels were at a higher risk of high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein, central obesity, high blood pressure, or high fasting glucose (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Serum uric acid levels were closely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese coastal population.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases which affects mainly middle-aged and older adults, resulting in a considerable disease burden. Evidence of concordance on NAFLD and lifestyle factors within older married couples in China is limited. This study aimed to evaluate spousal concordance regarding lifestyle factors and NAFLD among older Chinese couples. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from 58,122 married couples aged 65 years and over recruited from Shenzhen, China during 2018–2020. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the reciprocal associations in NAFLD within couples after incremental adjustment for potential confounders. Results: There was a marked concordance regarding NAFLD among older married couples in our study. After adjustment for confounders, the odds of having NAFLD were significantly related to the person’s spouse also having NAFLD (1.84 times higher in husbands and 1.79 times higher in wives). The spousal concordance of NAFLD was similar, irrespective of gender. Couples with both a higher educational level and abdominal obesity were more likely to have a concordance of NAFLD compared to couples with both a lower educational level and no abdominal obesity, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that health care professionals should bear in mind the marked spousal concordance with respect to risk factors and NAFLD for the prevention and early detection of the highly prevalent disease in older Chinese adults.

Apolipoproteins exert a key role on glucose metabolism; however, scarce data have examined the relationship between apolipoproteins and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Chinese adults. This study determined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of serum Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and the ApoB/A1 ratio with HbA1c in Chinese adults. A total of 1448 subjects (584 men and 864 women) aged 54.8 years were included in a baseline survey, and the concentrations of Apo and HbA1c were measured. A total of 826 participants were followed up approximately once after 3.94 ± 0.62 years. In cross-sectional analysis, serum ApoA1 was inversely associated with HbA1c, while ApoB and the ApoB/A1 ratio were positively associated with HbA1c. After further adjusting for the potential covariates, a higher ApoA1 was associated with lower HbA1c (Quartile 4 [Q4] vs. Q1 = 5.673% vs. 5.796%, P-trend = 0.014). In contrast, positive association of ApoB concentration and the ApoB/A1 ratio with HbA1c level were showed (Q4 vs. Q1 = 5.805% vs. 5.589% for ApoB; Q4 vs. Q1 = 5.841% vs. 5.582% for ApoB/A1 ratio). The longitudinal results showed no significant associations of ApoA1, ApoB levels and the ApoB/A1 ratio with HbA1c changes (all P-trends > 0.05). Path analysis suggested that body mass index did not have mediating effect on Apo-HbA1c association. Our findings revealed that higher ApoA1, lower ApoB concentrations and the ApoB/A1 ratio were associated with lower HbA1c level in Chinese adults.