The printable polyamide 12 (PA12) nanocomposite filaments with 6 wt % graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) for fused deposition modeling (FDM) were prepared by melting compounding and smoothly printed via a commercial FDM three-dimensional (3D) printer. The thermal conductivity (k) and elastic modulus (E) of 3D printed PA12/GNPs parts along to the printing direction had an increase by 51.4% and 7% than that of compression molded parts, which is due to the GNPs preferentially aligning along to the printing direction. Along with these improved properties, ultimate tensile strength of 3D printed PA12/GNPs parts was well maintained. These results indicate that FDM is a new way to achieve PA12/GNPs parts with enhanced k over compression moulding, which could contribute to realize efficient and flexible heat management for a wide range of applications.

Transition metal-catalyzed carbene insertion into X-H bonds (X = N, O, S, and C) represents a typical carbene transfer reaction and has been widely used in organic synthesis. The enantioselectivity-determining step in some of these insertion reactions is the proton transfer of active intermediates such as ylides, metal enolates, or free enols. Since most of the traditional chiral transition metal catalysts tend to dissociate from these active intermediates and cannot be involved in the proton-transfer step, enantiocontrol of these insertion reactions has long been a challenging task. Since 2011, we have developed chiral spiro phosphoric acids as chiral proton-transfer shuttle (CPTS) catalysts, which have been proven to be efficient catalysts for the proton transfer of active intermediates in carbene insertion reactions. Upon combining with achiral dirhodium catalysts, the CPTS catalysts accomplish highly enantioselective insertions of N-H, S-H, and C-H bonds. Herein, a number of important chiral building blocks, including α-amino acid derivatives, α-amino ketones, α-thioesters, and α,α-diaryl acetates, were prepared with high yields and high enantioselectivities through these insertion reactions.

Necroptosis, a distinctive type of programmed cell death different from apoptosis or necrosis, triggered by a series of death receptors such as tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNFR2, and Fas. In case that apoptosis process is blocked, necroptosis pathway is initiated with the activation of three key downstream mediators which are receptor‐interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), RIPK3, and mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (MLKL). The whole process eventually leads to destruction of the cell membrane integrity, swelling of organelles, and severe inflammation. Over the past decade, necroptosis has been found widely involved in life process of human beings and animals. In this review, we attempt to explore the therapeutic prospects of necroptosis regulators by describing its molecular mechanism and the role it played in pathological condition and tissue homeostasis, and to summarize the research and clinical applications of corresponding regulators including small molecule inhibitors, chemicals, Chinese herbal extracts, and biological agents in the treatment of various diseases.

The development of multifunctional hydrogels is gaining a lot of attention owing to its application in electronic skins, wearable electronics, and soft robotics. In this study, an effective and facile one-step preparation strategy is developed to fabricate a multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel consisting of sodium alginate/sodium polyacrylate/layered rare-earth hydroxide (LRH), where LRH plays multiple roles as a co-cross-linker and ionic carrier and is also the origin of fluorescence. The obtained LRH-based composite hydrogel exhibits excellent three-dimensional printing performance at room temperature. When exposed to different humidity conditions, the hydrogel exhibits humidity-dependent electromechanical properties. The multiple functions of the resultant hydrogel are easily realized by just relying on the addition of cationic LRH nanoplates. A skinlike motion sensor with transparency is fabricated based on the printed hydrogel and is used to monitor human motion. Owing to the fluorescence characteristics of lanthanide ions (Eu3+ and Tb3+) from LRH, the hydrogel shows highly tunable multicolored photoluminescence by adjusting the LRH constituent. This study reveals that the multifunctional hydrogels have potential for applications in sensing.

Thef irst highly enantioselective intramolecular N À Hb ondi nsertion was realized by using copper catalysts modified with chiral spirobisoxazoline ligands,w hich provides an ovels trategyf or the synthesis of chiral 2-carboxytetrahydroquinolines. This reactionf eatures fast reactionr ate,h igh yield, high enantioselectivity,a nd mild reactionc onditions.