Carrier cattle infected with Babesia bovis are difficult to detect because of the low numbers of parasites that occur in peripheral blood. However, diagnosis of low-level infections with the parasite is important for evaluating the efficacies of vaccines and in transmission and epidemiological studies. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a portion of the apocytochrome b gene from the parasite and tested the ability of this method to detect carrier cattle. The target sequence is associated with a 7.4-kb DNA element in undigested B. bovis genomic DNA (as shown previously), and the amplified product was detected by Southern and dot blot hybridization. The assay was specific for B. bovis, since no amplification was detected with Babesia bigemina, Trypanosoma brucei, Anaplasma marginak, or leukocyte DNA. The target sequence was amplified in DNA from B. bovis Mexico, Texas, and Australia S and L strains, demonstrating the applicability of the method to strains from different geographic regions. The sensitivity of the method ranged from 1 to 10 infected erythrocytes extracted from 0.5 ml of blood. This sensitivity was about 1,000 times greater than that from the use of unamplified parasite DNA. By the PCR method, six B. bovis carrier cattle were detected 86% of the time (range, 66 to 100%) when they were tested 11 times, while with microscopic examination of thick blood smears, the same carrier cattle were detected only 36% of the time (range, 17 to 66%). The method provides a useful diagnostic tool for detecting B. bovis carrier cattle, and the sensitivity is significantly improved over that of current methods. The results also suggest that characteristics of the apocytochrome b gene may make this a valuable target DNA for PCR-based detection of other hemoparasites.

Aims:The aim of this study was to isolate and identify a cellulolytic bacterium from the rumen fluid of Aceh’s cattle. Biodegradation by cellulolytic rumen bacteria can be used as a source of cellulolytic bacteria that act to degrade feed fibrous material so as to improve the quality of nutrients and digestibility of feed ingredients at a cheaper price than the use of commercial cellulase enzymes.Materials and Methods:Samples were collected from rumen fluid of Aceh’s cattle in Abattoirs (RPH) of Banda Aceh city, Indonesia, isolation, and screening of cellulolytic bacteria were done in Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.Results:The S1 isolates showed ±2.5 cm of clear zone diameter. Microscopically, this strain was found to be a Gram-negative, Bacillus. Homology and phylogenetic tree analysis of 16S rRNA showed that S1 isolate has 91% of sequence similarity with that of Enterobacter cloacae. 91% sequence homology shown in this study proved that the S1 isolate is probably either a new species or another genus of Enterobacteriaceae.Conclusion:Current study suggests that cellulose hydrolytic bacteria isolated from rumen fluid of Aceh cattle on Bushnell Haas medium-carboxymethylcellulose agar, and some potent cellulose degrading bacteria have been identified.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pada preputium dan vagina kuda. Sebanyak lima swab preputium dan lima swab vagina dikoleksi dari 10 ekor kuda umur 3-9 tahun yang berasal dari Desa Belang Bebangka, Gelelungi, Reloop, dan Kelapeng Kecamatan Pegasing Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Swab preputium dan vagina kuda dicelupkan ke dalam tabung reaksi yang berisi nutrient broth (NB). Staphylococcus aureus diidentifikasi pada media manitol salt agar (MSA). Koloni terpisah yang berwarna kuning cerah pada media tersebut diuji pewarnaan Gram, hemolisis, katalase, dan uji gula-gula (manitol dan glukosa). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang tumbuh pada MSA adalah koloni berwarna kuning cerah, bersifat Gram positif, β-hemolisis, dan katalase positif. Isolat tersebut memfermentasi manitol dan glukosa. Isolat yang diidentifikasi dari preputium dan vagina kuda menunjukkan karakter dari S. aureus. Disimpulkan bahwa bakteri S. aureus positif teridentifikasi di semua swab sampel pada preputium dan vagina kuda. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kata kunci: Staphylococcus aureus, kuda, preputium, vagina Gram staining, hemolysis, catalase, and sugar test (glucose and manitol ABSTRACT This research aims to identify the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria from preputium and vagina of horses. Five swabs preputium and 5 swabs vagina samples from 3-9 years olds horse in the village of Bebangka, Gelelungi, Reloop, and Kelapeng, Pegasing Aceh Tengah District were used in this study. Preputium and vagina swabs of horses were dipped into reaction tube containing Nutrient Broth (NB). Staphylococcus aureus was identified on manitol salt agar (MSA). Separated colony colored bright yellow on the media were tested for

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jenis-jenis parasit cacing nematoda yang menginfestasi saluran pencernaan serta derajat infestasinya pada anjing pemburu (Canis familiaris) di Kecamatan Lareh Sago Halaban, Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel feses dari 70 ekor anjing pemburu jantan. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode sentrifus untuk mengidentifikasi telur cacing nematoda serta metode Mc Master untuk penghitungan jumlah telur cacing nematoda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 70 ekor anjing pemburu di Kecamatan Lareh Sago Halaban, Sumatera Barat ditemukan sebanyak 40 ekor anjing pemburu (57,14%) positif mempunyai telur cacing nematoda gastrointestinal dengan jenis infeksi tunggal oleh Ancylostoma spp. Uncinaria spp. dan Toxocara spp., infeksi ganda oleh Ancylostoma spp. dan Uncinaria spp. serta Ancylostoma spp. dan Toxocara spp.dan multi infeksi oleh ketiga jenis cacing tersebut serta 30 ekor anjing pemburu (42,85%) tidakterinfeksi cacing. Dari 40 anjing yang terinfestasi tidak terdapat yang bersifat berat, dan 3 ekor menderita infestasi sedang dan selebihnya bersifat ringan.

Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica) is one of the plants that is often by the community in the Aceh Besar district of Indonesia as a traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungals, antivirals, antimutagenic, antimalaria, and antiallergic. This research was conducted to analyze the content of chemical compounds in the ethanol extract of the Malacca leaf (EEDM) using a gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS). Malacca leaves were extracted by the maceration method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The GC-MS analysis showed EEDM contained 22 chemical compounds. The highest chemical content of EEDM is octadecanoic acid reaching 22.93%, 9,12-octadecanoic acid 14.99%, octadecanoic acid 7.59%, 9-hexadecenoic acid 6.17%, octadecanoic acid 5.95%, octadecanal 5.59%, 9,12-octadecanoic acid 5.06%, 3-eicosyne 4.75%, 1-hexadecenoic acid 4.08%, 11-tetradecen-1-ol 2.92%, 2-furanmethanol 2.83%, delta-guaiene 2.43%, cyclohexane 2.13%, hexadecanoic acid 1.99%, sativen 1.87%, octadecanoic acid 1.52%, 1H-cyclopropaanaphthalene 1.40%, tetradecanoic acid 1.40%, 3,7,11-tridecatrienenitrile 1.20%, caryophellene 1.11%, 2H-pyran 1.07%, and trans-caryophellene 1.03%. This study clearly shows the presence of fatty acids which play a major role in the efficacy of these traditional medicines particularly as antioxidant and antimalarial.