Adipose tissue is found in various parts of the sheep body, some of which are the subcutaneous layer under the skin, around the kidneys, within the abdominal cavity, and tail. The tail fat is the most typical deposited fat, especially in the several Mongolian sheep breed, such as Sunite Sheep (SS), Wuzhumuqin Sheep, and Wuranke Sheep, which are several fat-tailed sheep species in China. Among them, SS is the

Nutritive compositions were analyzed in 10 batches of samples of Tarag (the traditional naturally-fermented goat milk), which were collected in the Mongolian community in China. Results showed that Tarag had richer nutrients than yoghurt. Tarag-2 (from Zang goats) had better chemical nutrient density than Tarag-1 (from Chaidamu goats). Tarag was rich in casein, lactoferrin, serum albumin, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, and 3 unknown fractions in certain samples. Microbiological enumeration revealed that Tarag contained large lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Tarag was judged nutritious and indicated the latent value for people's health.

Background: Sunite sheep are a fat-tailed sheep species with a low percentage of intramuscular fat and good quality lean meat, and their tail fat can be used as a source of dietary fat by humans. To understand the potential regulatory mechanism of different growth stages of tail fat in Sunite sheep, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing to characterize the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of the sheep tail fat at the age of 6 months, 18 months, and 30 months.Results: A total of 223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 148 differentially expressed lncRNAs were found in the tail fat of 6-, 18-, and 30-month-old sheep (false discovery rate < 0.05, |Fold Change| ≥ 2). Based on the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, we found that fat-related DEGs were mainly expressed at 6 months of age, and gradually decreased at 18 and 30 months of age. The target gene prediction analysis shows that most of the lncRNAs target more than 20 mRNAs as their trans-regulators (53 mRNAs at most). Further, we obtained several fat-related differentially-expressed target genes; these target genes interact with different differentially expressed lncRNAs at various ages and play an important role in the development of tail fat. Based on the DEGs and differentially expressed lncRNAs, we established three co-expression networks for each comparison group. Conclusions: Finally, we conclude that the development of the sheep tail fat is more active during the early stage of growth and gradually decreases with the increase in age. The mutual regulation of lncRNAs and mRNAs may play a key role in this complex biological process, and our findings will provide some basic theoretical data for future studies on tail fat development of fat-tailed sheep.

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