Optical 3D alignment of nanocylinders has been successfully attained for thin films of a block copolymer (see figure) comprising azobenzene‐containing liquid‐crystalline polymers and poly(ethylene oxide) via photoinduced massive migration. The out‐of‐plane and in‐plane alignments are achieved by controlling the film thickness and selection of linear polarization direction upon illumination, respectively.

Photoalignment and realignment of nanocylinder domains of a polystyrene-based block copolymer film in both in-plane and out-of-plane modes are successfully attained by irradiating with linear polarized (LPL) or nonpolarized light at 436 nm followed by annealing. This photocontrol allows the on-demand 3D photoalignment and micropatterning of the nanostructures.

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A process for co-production of ethanol and biodiesel from wheat straw was proposed.