Objectives
The primary aim of the study is to provide recommendations for the investigation and management of patients with new onset loss of sense of smellduring the COVID‐19 pandemic
Design
After undertaking a literature review, we used the RAND/UCLA methodology with a multi‐step process to reach consensus about treatment options, onward referral andimaging.
Setting and participants
An expert panel consisting of 15 members was assembled. A literature review was undertaken prior to the study and evidence was summarised for the panellists.
Main outcome measures
The panel undertook a process of ranking and classifying appropriateness of different investigations and treatment options for new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Using a 9‐point Likert scale, panellists scored whether a treatment was: Not recommended, optional, or recommended. Consensus was achieved when more than 70% of responses fell into the category defined by the mean.
Results
Consensus was reached on the majority of statements after 2 rounds of ranking. Disagreement meant no recommendation was made regarding one treatment, using Vitamin A Drops. Alpha lipoic acid was not recommended, olfactory training was recommended for all patients with persistent loss of sense of smell of more than 2 weeks duration, and oral steroids, steroid rinses and omega 3 supplements may be considered on an individual basis. Recommendations regarding the need for referral and investigation have been made.
Conclusion
This study identified the appropriateness of olfactory training, different medical treatment options, referral guidelines and imaging for patients with COVID‐19 related loss of sense of smell. The guideline may evolve as our experience of COVID‐19 develops.
TLM is oncologically sound in the salvage setting with high larynx-preservation rate, but there is a trend toward inferior local control rates compared to open partial laryngectomy techniques.
Management of olfactory pathology varies across the United Kingdom. The literature suggests that chemosensory testing is optimal and that both forced-choice and threshold testing should be applied if objective evaluation is required. Imaging can be of value but the appropriate technique should be used. Olfactory function can recover following head injury, viral infection and chronic sinonasal disease, although varying degrees of dysfunction are likely to persist. There is a role for the use of corticosteroids, particularly when administered systemically. More research is needed to establish the appropriate dose and length of treatment.
Retraction pockets can lead to hearing loss and cholesteatoma. Distinguishing stable from progressive disease is challenging to any otologist. The management of retraction pockets is a contentious issue with present treatment options often plagued with recurrence. The purpose of this article is to summarize recent developments in the aetiology of retraction pockets of the pars tensa, its diagnostic and management problems and to define possible future therapeutic options.
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