A Nano Au/Ta2O5 composite shows a new recreating photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution from water in response to visible light irradiation.

No abstract

The inhibition of clay surface hydration is a major hindrance for the use of water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) in shale formations. In this work, a low molecular weight branched polyamine (BEN-5NH 2 ) was synthesized and evaluated as a clay swelling inhibitor. The inhibition performance and rheological properties of the drilling fluids with BEN-5NH 2 were investigated by a linear swelling test, hot-rolling recovery test, and rheological property test. The experimental results showed that BEN-5NH 2 exhibited better inhibition performance than that of the other inhibitors. Moreover, BEN-5NH 2 can balance the contradiction between the inhibition performance and rheological properties of the WBDFs. The inhibition mechanism of BEN-5NH 2 was investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, and density functional theory calculations. Based on the results, it was determined that BEN-5NH 2 can enter the interlayer space of sodium montmorillonite (Na-Mt), minimize the d-spacing of Na-Mt, and maintain the d-spacing of Na-Mt with the increase in relative humidity value. BEN-5NH 2 can replace the exchanged cations in the interlayer space of Na-Mt, remove the interlayer water, and thus completely inhibit interlayer surface hydration (zero-layer hydrate). The density functional theory simulation results showed that BEN-5NH 2 can be strongly adsorbed on the active site of Na-Mt (001) surface through electrostatic interaction and lie flat on the Na-Mt (001) surface. Therefore, BEN-5NH 2 is a promising clay swelling inhibitor with broad application prospects in water-based drilling fluids.

In order to translate the ethnic classics, based on the research on the Internet of things, machine learning, and translation technology of ethnic classics, the log-linear model is combined with the national corpus scale and the grammatical structure characteristics, and the phrase statistical machine translation is used to establish a discontinuous phrase extraction model. Then, the translation technology is studied from the three aspects of model definition, training, and decoding. Finally, the algorithm is compared with the traditional phrase extraction algorithm to verify its effectiveness. The results show that the extraction number of discontinuous phrase extraction model is significantly higher than that of traditional phrase extraction model, and the model can extract more phrases, handle larger and more complex text, and score higher in translation fluency. From the evaluation indexes scores of Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (B.L.E.U.) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (N.I.S.T.), it can be found that the B.L.E.U. and N.I.S.T. values of the traditional phrase extraction algorithm are lower than those of the discontinuous phrase extraction model algorithm. The discontinuous phrase extraction algorithm can not only extract the regular continuous phrase, but also obtain the discontinuous text, and the translation effect is better. In conclusion, the combination of Internet of things and machine learning can be used in the translation of ethnic classics to achieve high-quality translation of discontinuous phrases, which is of guiding significance for the study of machine translation.