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This prospective clinical observation preliminarily indicated three-dose TCZ combined with csDMARDs might increase the risk of HBV reactivation in RA patients with chronic HBV infection, but in this study patients remained asymptomatic and had a benign outcome after antiviral treatment. To identify the exact risk of TCZ on HBV infection and the prognosis of TCZ-related HBV reactivation, further studies with larger sample sizes and fewer confounding factors are needed.

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