The Timber Legality Verification System (SVLK) is an instrument stipulated by the Government of Indonesia to build legitimacy on Indonesian forestry governance policies, especially those related to the utilization and distribution of timber forest products. The objective of SVLK is to cut the supply chain of illegal timber from the forest management unit to the market, through timber legality assurance. Since the enactment of SVLK in 2009, there has been no evaluation of the SVLK policy to measure its effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the success of SVLK in supporting the improvement of forestry governance. The analytical method used by this study is a descriptive formal evaluation. Interviews were conducted to representatives of four related stakeholder groups: six persons from timber forest product associations, five persons from three government agencies, one person from NGO, and one person from academia. The results of the study indicated that SVLK policy has quite successfully supported the improvement of forestry governance. In this regard, improvement is figured as 46% of law enforcement, 45% of accountability, 43% of participation, 42% of transparency, and 31% of coordination. It can be concluded that the SVLK policy has been quite successful in improving foresty governance.

Environmental risks in Bank financing activities arguably draw considerable attention in current era, efforts to mitigate these risks are one way for the Bank to achieve sustainable development. Nevertheless, there are no universal consensus of what environmental risks. This paper will summarize and define environmental risk from several previous studies using literature reviews, in order to obtain a comprehensive summary of the definition of environmental risk for bank financing especially in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study will also describe the mitigation that has been carried out by Banks in Indonesia in dealing with these risks, as well as other efforts that can be taken to better mitigate these risks. The study results found that environmental risk consists of: Transition Risk, Physical Risk, Liability Risk, Legality Risk and Reputation Risk. This study also finds that banks in Indonesia still do not have adequate mitigation against these risks. Transition, legality, and reputation risks can be optimally mitigated by enhancing the Bank’s management capabilities, especially in improving the company’s human resources in environmental protection efforts. Physical and liability risks on the other hand can be further mitigated by increasing the minimum required insurance coverage for the Bank’s debtors including environmental liability insurance and weather insurance.

This study is associated with the increased pressure on hill resources due to land conversion that causes environmental degradation and leads to environmental unsustainability. The evenly spread hill known as Bukit Sepuluh Ribu, is a source of community life. The hill formed by the eruption of a volcano, has a land cover, namely close to forest vegetation. The study location is in Bukit Sepuluh Ribu area that has ecological, hydrological, geological and aesthetic environmental function. The concept of community empowerment through Agro-ecosystem can be a solution, thus the utilization of the hill is economically profitable and environmentally sustainable. There are land use unsuitability referring to the existing spatial plan (682.9 Ha), namely high densely settlement area (264.67 Ha), other agriculture (359.21 Ha) and mining areas (58.51 Ha), Through the concept of appropriate community empowerment in accordance with the rules and typology of hill areas can provide the potential benefits of ecosystems and produce products of economic value without damaging them. The concept of empowerment through dryland agro-ecosystem by combining forest-based agriculture activities is one of the solutions to the problem of land management.

The Indonesian government has a target to provide 100% clean water through its "100-0-100 Urban" scheme. The objective is based on its Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015-2019 and the ambition to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. The realization of a clean water supply, as of 2018, reached just 73%, and that in the cities, with only 2% growth per year. The cost needed to achieve the target of 100% clean water in Indonesia is Rp253 trillion. Currently, there are two mechanisms to meet the needs of clean water in Indonesia, namely Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) and Conventional Government Procurement (CGP). The best scheme is the implementation of risk management and risk efficiency. This paper will analyze and compare CGP and PPP for their abilities to provide clean water with a risk efficiency approach, while still considering environmental sustainability and balance. The results of this study show that the PPP scheme is one of the most effective and sustainable, compared to others available in Indonesia. Via PPP, 43.8% of the allocated risk would be transferred from government risk to the project company, and some 25% would become shared risk. By this mode, it is predicted that using a PPP scheme could mitigate the risk of increased construction costs by approximately 71.6%, and 56.9% of the O&M cost. A PPP scheme for the water supply project in Indonesia is workable, bankable, and has the potential to finally fill in the water supply gap in Indonesia.

In RPJMN 2015-2019, the government has aimed to reach a 100% drinking water services coverage throughout Indonesia in 2019. The actual proper drinking water coverage until 2015 was still at 67.7%. This research seeks to formulate a policy model for sustainable drinking water management system. The method of analysis used in this research is the process model method. The results obtained in this study are policy models for sustainable SPAM development that will include the main variables of this system: raw water source, water treatment processes and water distribution.