Some disorders such as circulatory disease and metabolic abnormality cause many problems to peripheral blood flow condition. Therefore, frequent measurement of the blood flow condition is bound to contribute to precaution against those disorders and to control of conditions of the diseases. We propose a convenient means of blood flow volume measurement at peripheral part, such as fingertips. Principle of this measurement is based on heat transfer characteristics of peripheral part containing the blood flow. Transition response analysis of skin surface temperature has provided measurement model of the peripheral blood flow volume. We developed the blood flow measurement system based on that model and evaluated it by using artificial finger under various temperature conditions of ambience and internal fluid. The evaluation results indicated that proposed method could estimate the volume of the fluid regardless of temperature condition of them. Finally we applied our system to real finger testing and have obtained results correlated well with laser Doppler blood flow meter values.
Typical metal corrosions caused by the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process are discussed in this review paper. By categorizing them into seven kinds of corrosion, namely, chemical corrosion, crevice corrosion, crystal-orientation-dependent corrosion, narrow trench corrosion, photocorrosion, galvanic corrosion, and electrostatic-charge induced corrosion, we discuss their mechanisms and how to suppress them on the basis of electrochemical studies. Moreover, we demonstrate the usefulness of three-dimensional pH–potential diagrams for predicting corrosion issues in an actual CMP process.
MET1 has launched B national Syearproject called Humanoid Robotics Project (HRP) since 1998 FY. Because humanoid robots have a human-like figure and c m walk in a biped way and can take an action like a human being, we consider qplying the humanoid robot platform iu HRP ta senice fields of caring people such as the elderly, patients, etc. Taking the technical limitation of the current humanoid robot into account, we assume B situation where the robot serves such people. We regard the robot as users' avatar or another existence of users, and consider the class of users: a nurse, a patient, and a person in a remote site. This allows us to propose four types of user interfaces for the humanoid service robot system: an onloff-line user interface for B nurse who wants to control the robot as his avatar, a user interface for a patient who wants to control the robot as another existence, and a user interface for a person in a remote site who wishes to control the robot as his avatar. These user interfaces are described in this paper.
Safety measures concerning drunk driving are the major technical challenges in the car industry. We have developed systems to prevent drunk driving by applying our new, non-contact breathalcohol sensor in which our original breath sensor is coupled with an alcohol sensor. The breath sensor detects breath by measuring electric currents of positively or negatively charged water clusters in breath that are separated by using an electric field. Our breath-alcohol sensor simultaneously detects the electrical signal of breath and alcohol in breath. This insures that the sample is of a person's breath, not an artificial source.
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