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Novel nanowires patterned with holes and nanotubes of silicon oxide have been fabricated on silicon substrates by a catalyst-assisted route. The diameters of these nanowires and nanotubes vary from 20 to 100 nm. The patterned nanowires have encapsulated holes along the longitudinal direction. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that the patterned nanowires and nanotubes are amorphous. The growth of the nanostructures is probably controlled by a modified vapour-liquid-solid process.

An interaction of NaBr, NH4Br, Me4NBr, Et4NBr, Pr4NBr, Bu4NBr, and NaBPh4 with mer-(+)-tris(l-alaninato)cobalt(III) (mer-(+)-[Co(l-ala)3]) was examined by estimating the standard enthalpy (ΔHtr°) and entropy of transfer (ΔStr°) of mer-(+)-[Co(l-ala)3] from water to the salt solutions on the basis of the temperature dependence of solubility. A difference in correlation between ΔHtr° and TΔStr° demonstrated that while NaBr and NH4NBr increase the solubility of mer-(+)-[Co(l-ala)3] by hydrophilic interaction, Pr4NBr, Bu4NBr, and NaBPh4 increase the solubility of mer-(+)-[Co(l-ala)3] by hydrophobic interaction. On the basis of this finding, ΔHtr° and TΔStr° of the transfer from water to aqueous Bu4NBr solution for the mer-tris(aniono)cobalt(III) of glycine (glyH), l-alanine (alaH), l-serine (serH), Dl-2-aminobutylic acid (abaH), Dl-norvaline (nvalH), l-valine (valH), and l-leucine (leuH) led to the conclusion that hydrophobicity of the amino acids increases in the order of glyH < serH < alaH < abaH < nvalH < valH < leuH. This conclusion is compared with the hydrophobicity order reported in the literature.

Dependence of band alignments at interfaces between CdS (grown by chemical bath deposition) and Cu(In 1-x Ga x )Se 2 (CIGS) (by conventional 3-stage co-evaporation) with 0.2