Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major drug-induced adverse reaction that becomes a dose-limiting toxicity. However, effective strategies for preventing or treating CIPN are lacking. Accordingly, this study aimed to statistically identify predictors for CIPN. Retrospective analysis was carried out for 190 patients who had been treated with bortezomib (n=28), taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel; n=58), oxaliplatin (n=52) or vincristine (n=52) at our hospital between April 2005 and December 2008. The severity of CIPN was assessed at the time of chemotherapy completion, graded as grade 0-5 in accordance with the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. Multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis was used to investigate predictors for CIPN. Predictors for CIPN in patients that were administered bortezomib were no co-administration of dexamethasone [odds ratio (OR), 0.455; confidence interval (CI), 0.208-0.955; P=0.0376] and sex (male) (OR, 3.035; CI, 1.356-6.793; P=0.0069). For taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel), the predictor for CIPN was a large number of chemotherapy cycles (OR, 2.379; CI, 1.035-5.466; P=0.0412). For oxaliplatin, the predictors for CIPN were a large number of chemotherapy cycles (OR, 3.089; CI, 1.598-5.972; P=0.0008) and no co-administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR, 0.393; CI, 0.197-0.785; P=0.0082). For vincristine, predictors for CIPN were a large number of chemotherapy cycles (OR, 6.015; CI, 1.880-19.248; P=0.0025) and co-administration of an analgesic adjuvant (OR, 3.907; CI, 1.383-11.031; P=0.0101). In conclusion, our study indicates that CIPN will be alleviated by the co-administration of dexamethasone with bortezomib and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with oxaliplatin.

Background Recently, the efficacy of cryotherapy and compression therapy to prevent taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy has been reported. We prospectively compared the efficacy of cryotherapy using a frozen glove (FG) and compression therapy using a surgical glove (SG) to prevent nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX)-induced peripheral neuropathy. Patients and methods Breast cancer patients who received 260 mg/m 2 of nab-PTX were eligible to participate in this trial. Patients wore a FG on one hand (60 min) without changing and two SGs of the same size (i.e., one size smaller than the size that best fit their hand) on the other hand (90 min) during chemotherapy. Peripheral neuropathy was evaluated at each treatment cycle using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0, the Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire (PNQ), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane subscale. Temperatures at each fingertip in both groups were measured thermographically. Results Between August 2017 and March 2019, 43 patients were enrolled and 38 were evaluated. No cases showed discordance of peripheral neuropathy between each gloved group in cases of CTCAE grade 2. In cases of PNQ grade D, using the Nam equivalence test, the upper test ( P = 0.0329) and lower test ( P = 0.0052) both showed negative results in comparisons between each gloved group. Fingertip temperature was significantly lower in the FG group than in the SG group after treatment ( P < 0.0001). Conclusions It seems to be no difference in incidence of nab-PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy using either cryotherapy or compression therapy.

The development of proteinuria restricts the dose of anti-angiogenic agents, thereby reducing their efficacy. Thus, this retrospective study was undertaken to identify predictive factors of the development of angiogenesis inhibitor-induced proteinuria, and to elucidate if there is a difference in the likelihood of proteinuria among anti-angiogenic agents or cancer types, to help guide future strategies to improve the safety, efficacy, and quality of life of patients receiving chemotherapy. Between April 2014 and February 2019, 124 cancer patients at our outpatient chemotherapy center who were receiving chemotherapy with bevacizumab, ramucirumab, or aflibercept were enrolled. Variables related to the development of proteinuria were extracted from the patients' clinical records and used for regression analysis. The level of the proteinuria was evaluated based on CTCAE version 5. Multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictive factors for the development of proteinuria. The Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test was used to identify significant differences between groups. Significant factors identified included systolic blood pressure (SBP) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.031, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.005-1.058; P = 0.0197], number of cycles (OR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.018-1.082; P = 0.0019), and calcium channel blocker use (OR = 2.589, 95% CI = 1.090-6.146; P = 0.0311). There was no difference among the three anti-angiogenic agents (P = 0.4969) or among cancer types (P = 0.2726) in the likelihood of proteinuria. In conclusion, SBP, number of cycles, and calcium channel blocker use were identified as significant predictors of the development of angiogenesis inhibitorinduced proteinuria. There was no difference among the three anti-angiogenic agents or among cancer types. Anti-angiogenic agents targeting the human vascular endothelial growth factor pathway, such as bevacizumab, ramucirumab, and aflibercept, significantly improve overall survival and progression-free survival in colorectal, lung, gastric, breast cancers and so on 1-5. The toxicity profile of anti-angiogenic agents differs from those of conventional cytotoxic anticancer agents; use of anti-angiogenic agents is commonly associated with elevated