Electroplating workers are using chromium during the working process. Clinical and laboratory evidence indicates that exposure of chromium is very toxic if it is inhaled and can lead to oxidative DNA damage. This study was aimed to investigate factors associated to the urinary 8 -OHdG levels as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. Sixty six subjects from electroplating home industry in Tegal, Central Java were included. Urinary chromium levels were determined using AAS. The urinary 8-OHdG level as oxidative DNA damage was measured using ELISA. The levels of chromium in all sample were higher than the normal range (median 11.77 μg/ L), the median of urinary 8-OHdG level was 23.83 ng/ml. Eventhough, age and urinary chromium level were not associated with urinary 8-OHdG's levels, there was a significant association between the period of works and the type of jobs to the urinary 8 -OHdG levels.

ABSTRAKLow back pain, nyeri yang dirasakan di area anatomi yang terkena dengan berbagai variasi lama terjadinya nyeri. Nyeri ini terasa daerah lumbal atau lumbo-sakral. Pemetik teh berisiko terjadinya low back pain disebabkan kegiatan mereka seperti posisi membungkuk, mengangkat dan membawa beban berat. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui faktor risiko terhadap kejadian low back pain. Jumlah sampel 132 responden: 66 kasus dan 66 kontrol dipilih secara acak dari pekerja pemetik teh. Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square dan Regresi logistik untuk mengatahui faktor yang paling dominan. Ad hubungan masa kerja, postur punggung, berat beban dengan kejadian low back pain (p<0.05). Tidak ada hubungan umur, jenis kelamin, merokok, indeks masa tubuh dan aktivitas fisik dengan low back pain (p>0.05). Analisis multivariat menggunaakan regresi logistik menunjukan masa kerja paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap low back pain. Studi ini menemukan bahwa low back pain adalah masalah kesehatan yang relevan di kalangan pekerja pemetik teh. Kebijakan mengatur waktu istirahat dan teknik mengangkat beban diperlukan untuk mencegah low back pain.Kata Kunci: Low back pain, faktor risiko, pemetik tehABSTRACTRisk factors of low back pain in workers picking tea in Ciater plantation Subang district: Low back pain, pain that is felt in the affected anatomical area with a variety of long occurrence of pain. This pain feels lumbar or lumbo-sacral. Tea pickers are at risk of low back pain due to their activities such as the position of bending, lifting and carrying heavy loads. This research aim to factors that risk against the incident of low back pain. Total sample of 132 respondents: 66 cases and 66 controls were selected randomly from the tea pickers workers. Data analysis using Chi Square and logistic regression to know the most dominant factor. There was relationship of employment, back posture, heavy weights with low back pain (P <0.05). There was not relationship age, sex, smoking, body mass index and physical activity with low back pain (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed the most dominant working period affecting low back pain. The study found that low back pain was a relevant health problem among tea picker workers. The policy of arranging breaks and lifting techniques is required to prevent low back pain.Keywords: Low back pain, risk factors, the tea pickers

Improving the degree of public health is increase government expenditure on the health sector. The study aims to analyse environmental degradation, demographic and economic factors on government expenditure in health. The analytical tools used in this study are multiple regression. The results showed that increased government spending on the health sector caused by demographic factors that are increasing the number of elderly people and environmental factors, namely CO2 gas emissions.

Someone will have a greater risk of experiencing heat strains if working at a workplace exposed to heat. In addition to the heat from the body's metabolic results and the result of heat exposure from the work environment, heat strain on workers also influenced by individual factors. The extent to which an individual's body can tolerate heat exposure is determined by the condition of his body. Physiological changes will occur in the body of workers who exposed to heat. The objective of this study was to analyse factors related to heat strain such as acclimatization, water intake adequacy rate, and individual characteristics. The research was an observational analytic study and study design that used was cross-sectional. The population chosen as the research subject was workers who were exposed to heat. Purposively 57 construction workers were selected as subjects. To prove the relationship between acclimatization, water intake adequacy rate, and individual characteristics with heat strain, it used chi square statistical test. Physiological Strain Index (PSI) used to assess heat strain event on workers. The results of outdoor WBGT measurements at the study site showed that the average of WBGT outdoor was 31.11 o C. Heat strain with high index experienced by the majority of workers as much as 82.5%. Result of statistical analysis showed the significance of each variable was acclimatization (p<0.05), water intake adequacy rate (p<0.05), alcohol and drug consumption (p>0.05), health status (p>0.05), body mass index (p<0.05), age (p>0.05), and work period (p>0.05). This study showed that there was a significant relationship between heat strain with acclimatization, water intake adequacy rate and body mass index. The relationship is evidenced by the results of bivariate analysis. However, there was no association between consumption of alcohol or drugs, health status, work period, and age with heat strain.

Human life can not be separated from daily activities, where the body needs adjustments for a long time. The body's ability to adjust can be reduced because the body has a threshold value. Fatigue will arise when doing activities with a high workload and within a period of time Fatigue is a condition of decreased physical activity, work motivation, and loss of efficiency and endurance after work activity. The purpose of this study is to prove the effectiveness of giving bananas (Musa Paradisiaca) by vacuum frying to the level of fatigue in Construction workers Quantitative research methods with quasi-experimental design Research variables include: age, years of work, smoking habits, and length of work hours. The results showed that there was a decrease in the level of fatigue of workers after being given bananas with a vacuum frying technique for 10 days. Benefits of buyers This program is to provide input to the work environment in the construction sector to pay attention to alternative supplements that can be consumed by workers to reduce work fatigue. This research is expected to be one of the policies that must be considered by construction companies for the work safety and health of their workers.