<p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRAK </span></p><p>Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari 2012 sampai dengan Agustus 2014, di Kebun Percobaan Sitiung, Kabupaten  Dharmasraya, Provinsi  Sumatera Barat. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah plasma nutfah kelapa sawit asal  Kamerun sebanyak 99 aksesi, yang ditanam dalam blok tunggal dengan sistem baris tanpa ulangan pada Desember  2011. Setiap aksesi terdiri atas 5 - 10 tanaman sehingga seluruh tanaman berjumlah 959 tanaman. Hasil pengamatan  menunjukkan bahwa hampir semua koleksi asal Kamerun, memiliki posisi anak daun selang-seling, berwarna hijau tua,  permukaan daun mengkilap, dan pelepah daun berduri. Karakter vegetatif meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun hijau,  jumlah anak daun, dan panjang anak daun pada tipe Dura maupun Tenera, relatif seragam terlihat dari nilai koefisien  keragaman &lt;20%. Karakter generatif meliputi jumlah tandan jantan, tandan betina dan berat tandan buah pasir segar  pada tipe Dura sangat beragam, sedangkan pada tipe Tenera karakter jumlah tandan betina dan berat tandan buah pasir  segar relatif seragam kecuali pada karakter jumlah tandan jantan sangat beragam. Lebih dari 90% koleksi plasma nutfah  kelapa sawit asal Kamerun telah berbuah pasir, dan ditemukan 35 tanaman yang memiliki berat <span style="text-decoration: underline;">&gt;</span> 4.000 g/tandan pada  umur 2,5 tahun setelah tanam. Dari 35 tanaman tersebut terdapat 34 tanaman merupakan tipe  Dura dan 1 tanaman tipe  Tenera. Aksesi CMR002D/3 memiliki berat tertinggi (9.500 g), disusul berturut-turut oleh CMR021D/9 (5.200 g),  CMR091D/4 (5.100 g), CMR021D/6 dan CMR059D/9 (5.000 g). Selain itu, tipe Tenera yaitu CMR023T/3 memiliki berat  tandan buah pasir segar 4200 g. Berdasarkan urutan berat tandan buah pasir segar tertinggi, maka tipe Tenera menem pati urutan ke 26. Ditemukan pula beberapa aksesi dari koleksi asal Kamerun merupakan tipe Virescen, dan mayoritas <br /> bertipe Nigrescen.</p><p>Kata kunci : Elaeis guineensis Jacq, kelapa sawit, Kamerun, plasma nutfah, karakterisasi, morfologi, Dura, Tenera.</p><p> </p><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; letter-spacing: -0.35pt; font-family: 'Arial Bold'; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Bold'; mso-font-width: 95%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Early Characteristic of Oilpalm Germplasm From Cameroon </span><p> </p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT </span></p><p>The study was conducted from January 2012 until August 2014, at Sitiung experimental Garden, Dharmasraya Regency,  West Sumatra Province. The plant material been used were oilpalm germplasm from Cameroon as much as 99  accessions, which planted in a single block with the line system without repetition in December 2011. Each accession  consists of 5-10 plants so that the whole plant amounted to 959 plants. Observations showed that almost all collections  from Cameroon had leaflet position were alternating leaves, dark green, glossy leaf surface, and spiny leaf midrib.  Vegetative characteristics such as plant height, number of green leaves, number of leaflet and the length of leaflets on the  type of Dura and Tenera, Similar, seen from diversity coeffisient values &lt;20%. Generative characteristics included the  number of bunches of male, female and weight of fresh bunches were very various on types of Dura. While on Tenera  type,  character number of female bunches and the weight of fresh fruit bunches  is relatively similar except the number  of male bunches character is high diversity. More than 90% of germplasm collection of oil palm from Cameroon has been  fruiting. From 959 plants collection, found 35 plants that have weight <span style="text-decoration: underline;">&gt;</span> 4000 g/bunch at the age of 2.5 years after  planting. Of the 35 such plants are 34 plants is a type of Dura and only one plant of Tenera type. Accession CMR002D/3  has the highest weight (9500 g), followed successively by CMR021D/9 (5200 g), CMR091D/4 (5100 g), CMR021D/6 and  CMR059D/9 (5000 g). While Tenera type namely CMR023T/3 have weight of fresh bunches 4200 g. Based on the the  order of highest weight of fresh fruit bunches, the Tenera type ranks to 26. There were also several accessions of the collection from Cameroon is a Virescen type, and the majority of the collection is Nigrescen type.</p><p>Keywords: Elaeis guineensis Jacq, palm oil, Cameroon, germplasm, characterization, morphology, Dura, Tenera.</p>

Coconut plantations with new system of planting distance allow wider use of distance under the coconut than the conventional planting distance. Evaluation stability ofMapanget coconut (DMT) and KHINA hybrid coconut at various planting distance systems can be used as a recommendation for the development of coconuts with new planting distance in the most suitable environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of the yields of DMT and KHINA grown with various distance models for five years observation. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment design consistsof 8 treatments with 2 replications, in the Mapanget Experimental Garden, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, for 5 years from 2014 to 2018. The results showed that the combined analysis variance was significantly different (F < 0.05) both GXE interaction for the number of fruits, while the character number of bunches is not different. The results of AMMI Biplot showed that Khina coconut with the most stable distance of 9 x 9 m followed by Khina coconut with a distance of 5x16 for land use under coconut plants with intercropping suggested using a distance of 5x16 m.

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRAK </span></p><p>Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan unsur hara N, P, K, dan Mg dalam tanah dan  jaringan daun tanaman kelapa sawit TBM sebelum dan setelah pemupukan. Penelitian dilakukan tahun 2014 selama  satu tahun di Kebun Percobaan Sitiung, Kabupaten Darmasraya, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian enggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor yang di uji.  Faktor pertama (A) adalah delapan varietas unggul  kelapa sawit, yang tergolong Tanaman Belum Menghasilkan (TBM) umur dua tahun, yaitu DMP, DMK, PPKS-Dumpy,  PPKS-LTC, PPKS (SMB), PPKS-540, Tania Selatana 1 (TS1) dan Tania Selatan 3 ( TS3). Faktor kedua (B)  adalah dosis  pupuk, yaitu  1) 500 g Urea, 200 g SP 36, 500 g KCl, 1000 g Kiserit, 2) 500 g Urea, 100 g SP36, 500 g KCl, 750 g Kiserit, 3)  1500 g Urea, 750 g SP36, 1375 g KCl, 1250 g Kiserit, 4) 500 g Urea, 200 g SP36, 500 g KCl, 1750 g Kiserit, 5) 250 g Urea,  100 g SP36, 250 KCl, 500 g Kiserit dan 6) 750 g Urea, 300 g SP36, 750 KCl, 1500 g Kiserit. Analisis kandungan unsur hara  N, P, K, dan Mg menggunakan daun nomor sembilan dan tanah diambil pada kedalaman 30 cm secara komposit,  masing-masing sebanyak 32 contoh daun dan tanah sebelum pemupukan dan 24 contoh daun dan tanah setelah  pemupukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum pemupukan kandungan unsur hara N dan P pada lahan  penelitian dalam taraf defisiensi, K pada taraf defisiensi hingga optimum, dan Mg pada taraf optimum. Setelah  pemupukan, kandungan unsur hara N pada sebagian besar lahan masih tetap defisiensi. Kalium pada sebagian besar  lahan dan Mg pada semua lahan penelitian pada taraf optimum. Sebelum pemupukan, kandungan unsur hara K dalam  jaringan daun delapan varietas kelapa sawit dalam taraf defisiensi, P pada taraf defisiensi hingga berlebihan dan Mg  pada taraf optimum. Setelah pemupukan, kandungan unsur hara N pada sebagian besar varietas masih pada taraf  defisiensi, P pada sebagian besar varietas berlebihan serta K dan Mg pada semua varietas pada taraf optimum. Hasil  penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa respons tanaman kelapa sawit terhadap pemupukan berbeda menurut varietas.  Tingkat kemasaman (pH) tanah tergolong sangat rendah atau tanah bersifat sangat masam, sehingga dilakukan  pengapuran menggunakan dolomit sebelum pemupukan. Setelah pengapuran terjadi peningkatan pH tanah, tetapi  masih tergolong rendah, atau tanah masih bersifat sangat masam. Oleh karena itu, pengapuran perlu dilakukan di lokasi  penelitian.</p><p>Kata kunci : Status hara, kelapa sawit, analisa tanah, analisa daun, defisiensi hara.</p><p> </p>Response of N, P, K and Mg Fertilization to Nutrients Contents in Soil and <br />          Leaf Young Oil Palm<p> </p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT </span></p><p>The research was conducted in order to determine the nutrients content of N, P, K, and Mg in the soil and leaf tissue of  young oil palm. The study was conducted in 2014 for one year at the Sitiung Experimental Garden, Darmasraya regency,  West Sumatra Province.  The study was using a randomized block design with two factors. The first factor (A) were  eight superior varieties  with age two years-old, namely DMP, DMK, PPKS-Dumpy, PPKS-LTC, PPKS-SMB, PPKS-540,  TS1 and TS3. The second factor is fertilizer dosages 1) 500 g Urea, 200 g SP 36, 500 g KCl, 1000 g Kiserit, 2) 500 g Urea,  100 g SP36, 500 g KCl, 750 g Kiserit, 3) 1500 g Urea, 750 g SP36, 1375 g KCl, 1250 g Kiserit, 4) 500 g Urea, 200 g SP36,  500 g KCl, 1750 g Kiserit, 5) 250 g Urea, 100 g SP36, 250 KCl, 500 g Kiserit dan 6) 750 g Urea, 300 g SP36, 750 KCl, 1500 g  Kiserit. For the analysis of the nutrient content of N, P, K and Mg, leaf samples were taken on leaf number nine and soil  samples were taken at a depth of 30 cm in the composite method, 32 leaf and soil samples before fertilization and 24 leaf  samples soil. The results showed that before fertilization the nutrient content of N and P in the soil  in deficiency level, K  on the  deficiency to optimum levels, and Mg at an optimum level. After fertilization, the nutrient content of N in the  almost all of the area is still deficient. Potassium at most area and Mg in all area of research at the optimum level. Before  fertilization, the nutrient content of K in the leaf tissue of eight varieties of oil palm in the deficiency level, P deficiency to  excessive level and Mg at the optimum level. After fertilization, the nutrient content of N in most varieties are still at the  level of deficiency, P on most varieties in the  excessive level as well as, K and Mg in all varieties at optimum level.  Results of this study indicated that the response of oil palm to fertilization differs according to varieties. The level of soil  acidity (pH) is very low or the soil is very acidic, therefore liming using dolomite were done before fertilization. After  liming increased soil pH, but is still relatively low, or the soil is still very acidic. Therefore, liming in the area need to be  done again.</p>Keywords : Nutrien status, oil palm, soil analysis, leaf analysis, nutrient content.

<p>This study aims to determine the growth and production response of eight oil palm varities to fertilizer of N, P, K, Mg and B. This research was conducted from January and December 2015 in Sitiung experimental Garden West Sumatra province. The was conducted in the form factrorial  experiment using randomized block design . The first factor is the   eight oil palm varieties, which consists TS1, TS3, LTC, SMB, PPKS 540 (540), Dumpy, DMP and  DMK. The second factor is the comnination of dosage of fertilizer per palm, which consist of 1) 500 g urea + 200 g SP 36 + 750 g KCl + 500 g Kieserit + 50 g of borax, 2) 750 g of urea +1000 g SP 36 +750 g KCl + 500 g Kieserit + 50 g of borax, 3) 1400 g urea + 950 g SP 36 + 1150 g KCl + 350 g Kieserit + 60 g borax, 4) 1 500 g urea + 1000 g SP 36 + 1750 g KCl + 1500 g Kieserit, 5) 1000 g of urea + 800 g SP36 + 1500 g KCl + 700 g Kieserit + 55 g of borax and 6) 500 g urea + 400 g SP36 + 750 g KCl + 350 g Kieserit + 27.5 g borax. The results showed that the growth  and produstion respon of oil palm to fertilizer different according variety. Dumpy variety produce most weight fresh fruit namely 4.35 kg  on comination of fertilization dosage 1500 g urea + 1000 g SP 36 + 1750 g KCl + 1500 g kieserite. TS3 variety produce most number of leave ( 43.43 leaves/palm) on combination of fertilizer dosage 500 g urea + 400 g SP36 + 750 g KCl + 350 g kieserit + 27,5 g boraks.</p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan produksi delapan varietas kelapa sawit terhadap pemupukan N, P,K , Mg dan B. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Januari hingga Desember 2015 di KP. Sitiung, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dalam bentuk percobaan factorial menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah delapan varietas unggul kelapa sawit yang terdiri atas TS1, TS3, LTC, SMB, PPKS 540, Dummy, DMP dan DMK. Faktor kedua adalah kombinasi takaran pupuk per pohon yang terdiri atas: 1) 500 g urea + 200 g  SP 36 + 750 g KCl + 500 g kieserit + 50 g boraks,  2) 750 g urea +1000 g SP 36 +750 g KCl + 500 g kieserit + 50 g boraks, 3) 1400 g urea + 950 g SP 36 + 1150 g KCl + 350 g kieserit + 60 g boraks, 4) 1500 g urea + 1000 g SP 36 + 1750 g KCl + 1500 g kieserit, 5) 1000 g urea + 800 g SP36 + 1500 g KCl + 700 g kieserit + 55 g boraks dan 6) 500 g urea + 400 g SP36 + 750 g KCl + 350 g kieserit + 27,5 g boraks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon tanaman kelapa sawit terhadap  pemupukan berbeda menurut varietas. Varietas Dumpy menghasilkan TBS paling berat, yaitu 4,35 kg pada kombinasi pupuk 1500 g urea + 1000 g SP 36 + 1750 g KCl + 1500 g kieserite sedangkan varietas TS3 menghasilkan daun yang terbanyak (43.53 pelepah/pohon) pada kombinasi pupuk 500 g urea + 400 g SP36 + 750 g KCl + 350 g kieserit + 27,5 g boraks.</p>

“Cungap” red (CR) coconut is an exotic coconut that has specific characters, i.e. the husk contains high antioxidant components. The study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of CR coconut (husk, kernel, and water). Tender and mature CR coconut fruits were collected from farmers at Sukarena Village, Ciomas District, Serang Regency, Banten Province. The mature nuts were evaluated for the physicochemical characteristics (moisture, protein, ash, fat and fatty acids profile). Vitamins and minerals were measured from the young coconut water. Anthocyanin and β-carotene were analysed from the tender nuts (husk, meat, and water). The results showed that CR kernel contained 8.35% of water, 2.02% of ash, 7.13% of protein, and 60.09% of fat. The medium-chain fatty acids were mainly from the coconut kernel fat (52.55%). Lauric acid was the major fatty acid (45.89%). The Majority of minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium) contained in the coconut water; potassium content was the highest (289.95 mg/100 ml). The β-carotene content in the husk and kernel were 18.43/100g and 1.28 mg/100g, respectively. Also, the anthocyanin contents in the husk, kernel, and coconut water were 8.01 mg/100 g, 1.5 mg/100 g, and 0.8 mg/100 g, respectively. The study implies that CR coconut is potential as anthocyanin, β-carotene, and mineral sources for human health.