The article presents the results of biotesting food protein gels and ready-to-eat gel-based fish products. Axenic culture of ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis was used as an indicator organism, which are known to have similar metabolic processes with cells of higher organisms. The ability of unicells to use intact proteins as a nutrient substrate determines their use in assessing the biological value of food. In the course of research, using a test-organism T. pyriformis , the rational temperature of heat treatment of food protein gel was equal to 85°C. Such temperature provides high rates of the ciliates population in the cultivating environment, the number of cells in which was counted and amounted to 2.3 × 106 cells/ml. In addition, the finished product has a high bioavailability ratio of 160% relative to the non-thermoprocessed product (i.e., raw). Biotesting ready-to-eat fish products enriched with protein from different fish in the Pacific basin made it possible to carry out a comparative characteristic of their biological value. It was determined that ready-to-eat fish products from giant grenadier, in which pollock served as enricher, have the highest index of the relative biological value - 101.4%, which is confirmed by studying the protein content of the products. At the same time, gels from the muscular tissue of giant grenadier without protein enrichers possess high indices of bioavailability and effectiveness of the protein when compared with product samples that contain protein enricher. However, this phenomenon causes the rapid depletion of the nutrient medium after 48 hours and further death of the T. pyriformis population. Thus, biotesting using the simplest allows for a comparative assessment of ready-to-eat fish product quality by simply counting the number of ciliates by experience in culture media. A graphical analysis of the data obtained throughout the life cycle of a T. pyriformis population allows to quickly and accurately assess the viability of ciliates, the degree of assimilation of the nutrient substrate, and draw conclusions about the biological value of the product.

The aim of the article is to substantiate the methodological approaches of scenario planning in the management of biofuel production development. The following methods were used in order to achieve the goal: cross-factor analysis, scenario planning method, expert methods, and scenario tree. The study analyzed primary energy consumption by economic sector and the total supply of primary energy by source, resulting in a declining supply of non-renewable energy sources such as oil, gas, coal and growing supply of biomass and waste, which was a source of biofuel production. The grouping of biofuel properties from the point of view of its attractiveness as an alternative energy resource was carried out. Factors that can negatively affect the pace of development of biofuel production are systematized. Dominant factors that had a critical impact on the development of biofuels have been identified: fluctuations in prices for electricity production in the traditional way, change in the popularity of greenhouse gas emission reduction programs, fluctuations in the use of electric vehicles, fluctuations in prices for fossil fuels, change in funding for programs to reduce environmental pollution and climate change. Stages of scenario planning with the use of cross-factor analysis were offered. A scenario tree model was formed. A matrix of cross-influence was constructed using expert evaluation and a scale of relations. The procedure of cross-influence and determination of dominant factors influencing the development of the activity “biofuel production” was proposed, which was characterized by the use of cross-factor analysis, which allowed assessing the probability of scenarios, establishing the interaction between them, and further calculating the expected effect from the implementation of measures. Applied research results and scenario assessments of the development potential of this area of activity can be used by entrepreneurs in the context of development and further implementation of investment projects for biofuel production.

The article deals with the main problems of port elevators, which lead to incomplete use of their capacities. They include: the problem of reducing the capacity factor of the elevator capacity, the problem of lack of rhythm of grain picking operations, the problem of inconsistency with railway transport, the problem of storage of different crops and crops of different quality, the problem of loss of time during the shipment of grain to the ship. The necessity of detailed planning of port elevators' operations by the determination of flows of work passing through the system, as well as the control of their implementation, is proved. The graphical model of implementation of the operational function of the port elevator is suggested, which will allow to coordinate its operations and to check the possibility of their implementation during the departure period of the ship. This model establishes the order of operations, as well as the main planning documents that regulate them. The use of a technological map of the implementation of the operational function for describing the list and sequence of basic operations for the formation of a ship batch and its shipment, conditions and requirements for their implementation, as well as information about the equipment used, is suggested. The graphical model and the technological map of the implementation of the port elevator's operational function provide information on the rational sequence and coherence of the operations' planning for the formation of the ship party and its shipment, which reduces the time loss, provides the opportunity to coordinate the work of the elevator with its transportation system.

The article considered the process of forming an enterprise strategy in the following stages: analysis of the external and internal environment of an enterprise, formation of a system of enterprise goals, assessment of alternative development strategies and the choice of one of them, implementation of the chosen strategy, and adjustment of the strategy. It is proposed to analyze the external environment in accordance with the concept of the industry life cycle. The concept of the life cycle of the industry, in particular the main stages of development of the industry and the criteria that are the basis for their identification, has been investigated.  It is proposed to use the scientific developments of Porter and use the following characteristics as criteria: behavior of buyers of products (services), changes in goods, the nature of competitive relations in the market, profits of enterprises in the industry and marketing activities. Accordingly, it is proposed to highlight the stages of the industry development: implementation, growth, maturity, decline.  Alternative strategies of enterprise development at various stages of the industry life cycle are considered: the strategy for realizing the advantages of the pioneer, the strategy of change response, the strategy of change management, the strategy of stabilization, the strategy of reduction, the strategy for finding segments of steady demand, as well as the strategy of the "last time". The main characteristics of these strategies are studied. The analysis of the life cycle of the agricultural industry in Ukraine has been carried out and it has been established that according to most of the characteristics it is at the stage of maturity. The industry has established relationships between producers and business consumers, enterprises receive average profits and specialize in the production of certain types of agricultural products of sufficiently high quality, and there are processes of gradual ousting of competitors from the market.  It is proposed to agricultural enterprises as a possible strategy to implement a stabilization strategy that best suits the conditions of the external environment.

Анотація. У статті предметом дослідження є теоретичні та прикладні положення щодо критеріїв прийняття управлінських рішень з удосконалення логістичної системи. Доведено доцільність використання індикаторів оцінювання стану логістичної системи як критерію прийняття рішень щодо її удосконалення. Встановлено доречність підпорядкування стадії оцінювання логістичної системи процесу управління результативністю діяльності підприємства. На підставі критичного огляду наукової літератури до кола індикаторів оцінювання функціонування логістичної системи віднесено: оборот логістичних активів, надійність поставок, вчасність поставок, рівень запасів, завантаженість потужностей транспортних засобів, рівень логістичних витрат, ймовірність дефіциту. З використанням методу попарних порівнянь встановлено вагу індикаторів функціонування логістичної системи та визначено їх направленість. Обґрунтовано інтегральний показник функціонування логістичної системи. Запропонований критерій прийняття рішень апробовано на підприємстві рибопереробної галузі. Проаналізовано проблемні складові інтегрального показника функціонування логістичної системи підприємства. Використання моделі оптимальних партій поставок надало змогу збільшити завантаженість потужностей транспортних засобів та знизити рівень логістичних витрат. Акцентовано увагу на інтеграційних процесах та забезпеченні інформаційних потоків між службами логістики. Виокремлено основні бізнес-процеси логістичної системи до яких віднесено: формування збутової політики, графіків доставки продукції, бюджету продаж; ініціація процесу відвантаження продукції клієнту; доставка продукції клієнтам; формування аналітики щодо існуючих та потенціальних клієнтів; робота зі скаргами та рекламаціями; пропозиції до збутової політики підприємства. Запропоновано схему бізнес-процесів логістичної системи, яка дає можливість визначити інформаційні потоки, встановити функціональні взаємозв'язки відділів системи логістики з іншими підрозділами організаційної структури підприємства та скоротити швидкість надходження інформації до фахівця, що приймає рішення.