The article deals with issues of optimizing the composition of efficient concrete increased water resistance, reducing its cost without losing or increasing its basic properties. In recent years, the most effective method of tightness to water in the construction of buried and underground structures, as opposed to the use of bituminous and other traditional materials, is a method based on the use of concrete with increased water resistance. This type of tightness to water is called “White bath” in Europe. The essence of the technology is that the role of the impervious layer is performed directly by the concrete itself. The subject of the study is the composition of self-stressing concrete, which has a high density and fastness to water, but a high price compared to the concrete on Portland cement, which limits its wide application. The aim of the study is the development and optimization of the composition or stressing concrete with desired properties using a variety of mineral and polymeric additives to reduce the cost of the finished product while maintaining or improving the significant operational indicators.
Annually, increasing volumes of industrial and municipal waste generation and disposal, leading to increasing anthropogenic environmental and sanitary-epidemiological pressure on the environment and, as a consequence, significant environmental damage and associated economic damage to natural ecosystems, represent one of the main threats to environmental safety territories, life and health of the population. At the same time, numerous valuable components extracted from processed production and consumption wastes can be an important source of reserve for the development of industries and sectors of the economy, entrepreneurial activities in the use of secondary resources for production, services, works and energy. This factor dictates the need to search for new sound management, economic, organizational and technical approaches and solutions to lawmaking, planning and forecasting the cost-effective organization of the system of separate collection, processing, disposal, disposal of production and consumption waste, the development of an appropriate industrial, scientific and technological infrastructure, increasing the share of secondary material and energy resources extracted from waste, the development of instruments of state oh support and economic incentives for this activity.
The paper describes scientific and technical prerequisites for the development of composition of and production method for hydrophobic complex modifier based on the industrial wastes, including technical lignosulfonates (TLS) as a plasticizing ingredient; oil and fat tar as hydrophobic ingredient; and saponified wood pitch (SWP) as air entraining ingredient. The purpose of the presented studies was the development of an efficient modified concrete composition for construction of irrigation and drainage facilities construction by using a complex hydrophobic modifier. Experimental studies were carried out on concrete samples made of reference and test compositions in the laboratory of the “Building Materials” Department of the National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. Comprehensive studies showed that the use of hydrophobic modifier allows obtaining concrete with water bleeding ratio reduced by 35–40%; reducing the concrete capillary suction and water absorption by 3 times; and increasing water penetration pressure (W8 and more), in comparison with concrete without additives. The developed complex hydrophobic modifier increases the strength by 12-18% and reduces shrinkage strain of concrete by 7.5% in comparison with the control composition without the modifier.
This research have shown that the developed composition and method for preparation of granulated organic–mineral admixture S–3SSA allow production in drum granulator of cement materials modifier with de-sired properties using proposed mixing procedure for the admixture ingre-dients which include, mass. %: superplasticizer S–3 – 10; soap stock – 20; salt of inorganic acid – 30 and ash – 40. On the basis of laboratory studies, a ratio of the components included in the molding compound for pressed bricks with improved physical and technical properties was defined. Opti-mal composition of the molding compound should contain the following, mass.%: binder - 10; clay - 5; sand - 82; water - 3. A technological proce-dure for production of pressed brick based on gypsum binders of low water demand (GLWDB) was developed and technological production parame-ters were defined: moulding compound moisture content - 6%; raw materi-al strength – 0.4 MPa; specific pressure - about 15 MPa, curing conditions - natural. Basic physical and technical properties of pressed brick based on GVNV–50S were identified and studied. Strength kinetics, MPa: 1 day – 6.8; 3 days - 12.3; 28 days – 27; density-1950 kg / m3; softening coefficient equal.
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