A modern evaporator station is an energy-saving production of evaporated liquor with high dry matter content for ensuring the minimum SO2 emissions from the soda recovery boiler. Such stations are equipped with Falling Film devices and consist of 5–7 stages. The necessity to improve and create new black liquor concentrators is driven by the increased attention to environmental issues and the wish to produce liquor with a higher calorific value. The physical properties of black liquor depend on its composition and have a significant impact on the selection and design of evaporators. The main properties considered in the evaporation and combustion processes are density, viscosity, surface tension, heating value and boiling temperature. One of the most important characteristics of the liquor evaporation is its viscosity, since it determines the ability of the liquor to pump and affects the design features. Another equally important characteristic is density. With its help, the dry matter content and evaporation process in the main stages of the liquor regeneration are regulated. The study was carried out to determine the mathematical dependence of the black liquor density on the dry matter content for high yield softwood pulp. The study objectives were the following: analyze the effect of the dry matter temperature and concentration on the density of black liquor obtained from cooking high yield softwood pulp according to the technological flow of production; develop a mathematical model of dependence of the black liquor density of high yield sulphate softwood pulp on the concentration and temperature; conduct the TAPPI comparative testing of the results of mathematical and correlation dependences. A mathematical dependence of the black liquor density on the temperature and dry matter content required for immediate technological calculations of chemical regeneration departments in sulphate production of semi-finished products for cardboard was obtained. The following equation of mathematical dependence based on the conducted research, regression analysis, and mathematical processing of the results was obtained: ρ = 0.974 + 0.0071x – 0.0002t – 0.000007xt – 0.00000045t2 – 0.0000045x2 (where ρ – density, g/cm3; x – dry matter content, %; t – temperature, °C). It allows calculating with the highest accuracy the density of black liquor obtained from cooking high yield softwood sulphate pulp. Comparative testing of the results of the developed mathematical dependence and correlation dependence (published by TAPPI) of black liquor density on the dry matter content was carried out. A high level of comparability of the proposed mathematical equations was found.

This study investigates powdered cellulose materials, particularly nanocellulose derived from plant and bacterial sources. The nanocellulose was generated by hydrolyzing bleached sulphate softwood and hardwood pulp samples with strong acids. The original materials are present in the product lines of leading Russian pulp and paper companies. The bacterial cellulose was produced under laboratory conditions from Medusomyces gisevii. The dimensional parameters of the nanocellulose samples were evaluated using electron microscopy, and the degree of polymerization was measured by determining the viscosity of the cellulose solutions in cadoxene. The bleached softwood pulp had a nanocellulose particle length of 80–200 nm, a particle diameter of 80–100 nm, and a degree of polymerization of 60. The bleached hardwood pulp had a particle length of 80–150 nm, a particle diameter of 70–100 nm, and a degree of polymerization of 50. The bacterial nanocellulose had a particle length of 120–250 nm, a particle diameter of 70–120 nm, and a degree of polymerization of 110. Suspensions of various concentrations (from 1 to 10 %) were prepared from nanocellulose samples, which were subsequently used as reinforcing additives in cardboard samples. The additive was applied to the surface in one or two layers. Additives of nanocellulose preparations reduced the breaking length (from 9.6 to 40.4 %) along with an increase in cardboard density (from 6.3 to 23.8 %), tensile rigidity (from 14.0 to 25.0 %) and bursting strength (up to 31.9 %). The best results were obtained by applying a nanocellulose suspension of bleached softwood pulp to the board surface in two layers: a 9.6 % decrease in breaking length was observed with an increase in density of 23.8 %, tensile rigidity of 25.0 %, and bursting resistance of 31.9 % relative to the control sample. Therefore, the study showed the possibility of using nanocellulose suspensions derived from plants and bacterial sources by acid hydrolysis for the surface treatment of cardboard. For citation: Toptunov Е.А., Sevastyanova Yu.V., Vashukova K.S. Surface Treatment of Cardboard with Plant and Bacterial Derived Nanocellulose Suspensions. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 3, pp. 162–172. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-162-172