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In this research, we develop Indonesia marine resource of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa as an anti-colorectal cancer agent. Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa which was collected from east Lombok beach, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia, were extracted into four different organic solvents, that is n-hexane, ethylacetate, chloroform and ethanol. The extracts were analyzed by Phytochemical test and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Subsequently, anticancer activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Gracilaria verrucosa were evaluated against colorectal HCT-116 cells by MTT cell proliferation assay. Based on Phytochemical analysis, the extracts of Gracilaria verrucosa containing secondary metabolite of saponin, while TLC analysis indicated that the extracts were composed by five chemical compounds. Among four concentrated extracts of Gracilaria verrucosa, ethanolic extract showed the strongest anticancer activity against colorectal HCT-116 cells with IC 50 of 43.9 μg/mL.Ethanolic extract of seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa is potential to be further developed as a promising anti-colorectal cancer agents.

Osteomielitis kaki DM merupakan komplikasi lanjut pada infeksi kaki DM yang dapat meningkatkan risiko amputasi. Sebuah kasus pada seorang perempuan berusia 50 tahun dengan luka pada ibu jari kaki kiri yang semakin membengkak disertai warna merah kebiruan dalam satu bulan. Pasien menunda berobat karena pandemi COVID-19. Pasien merupakan penderita DM dan hipertensi sejak 20 tahun dan tidak terkontrol. Pada pemeriksaan fisik ditemukan sausage toe digiti I pedis sinistra dengan luka 4 x 4 cm disertai sekret purulen, probe to bone (PTB) positif. Pemeriksaan penunjang menunjukan adanya leukositosis, peningkatan laju endap darah (LED) dan c-reactive protein (CRP), gula darah sewaktu (GDS) 415 mg/dL, dan HbA1c 13,1%, disertai destruksi dan fragmentasi os phalang digiti 1 pedis sinistra. Karena menolak tindakan operasi minor, kemudian dilakukan perawatan luka dengan membuang serpihan tulang yang terinfeksi secara teratur dan pemberian antibiotik intravena (IV) selama 4 minggu. Untuk pengendalian gula darah, diberikan insulin IV kontinyu dan dilanjutkan pemberian insulin basal bolus subkutan. Kemudian dilanjutkan rawat jalan dengan pemberian antibiotik oral. Setelah tujuh minggu, menifestasi klinis infeksi membaik, luas luka mengecil, dan antibiotik dihentikan, namun perawatan luka tetap dilanjutkan. Kendali metabolik disertai pemberian antibiotik jangka panjang dan perawatan luka pada kaki diabetes dengan osteomielitis dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif selain tindakan operatif.

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Background: Seaweed macroalgae of Gracilaria verrucosa has been known to have a potent anticancer activity, however the cytotoxicity against cervical cancer has not been explored further. Objective: This study aims to utilize Indonesia's marine resource which is focused on seaweed macroalgae G. verrucosa as a future anti-cervical cancer agent. Materials and Method: Seaweed G. verrucosa originated from Labuan Aji beach, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia, extracted, macerated, and fractionated into four organic solvents of different polarity, consisting of hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and ethanol. Then, the macroalgae extracts are diluted into 8 different concentrations. Afterwards, in vitro anticancer activity evaluation of hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and ethanol extracts of G. verrucosa against cervical HeLa cells were conducted by MTT cell proliferation assay. Triplo mechanism is also applied in this study to increase the accuracy of the results. The anticancer activity is measured using IC 50 value. Results: The four concentrated extracts G. verrucosa showed cytotoxicity against cervical HeLa cells. The greatest anticancer activity is depicted by hexane extract with an IC 50 of 14.94 µg/mL, followed by chloroform (IC 50 15.74 µg/mL), ethyl acetate (IC 50 16.18 µg/mL), and ethanol (IC 50 19.43 µg/mL). Conclusion: Our results clearly indicate that hexane, ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of seaweed G. verrucosa can be further developed to be anti-cervical cancer agents, with hexane extract displaying the greatest cytotoxic effect.