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PurposeThe promotion of new energy vehicles (EVs) is an effective way to achieve low carbon emission reduction. This paper aims to investigate the optimal pricing of automotive supply chain members in the context of dual policy implementation while considering consumers' low-carbon preferences.Design/methodology/approachThis article takes manufacturers, retailers and consumers in a main three-level supply chain as the research object. Stackelberg game theory is used as the theoretical guidance. A game model in which the manufacturer is the leader and the retailer is the follower is established. The author also considered the impact of carbon tax policies, subsidy policies and consumer preferences on the results. Furthermore, the author investigates the optimal decision-making problem under the profit maximization model.FindingsThrough model solving, it is found that the pricing of EVs is positively correlated with the unit price of carbon and the amount of subsidies. The following conclusions can be obtained by numerical analysis of each parameter. Changes in carbon prices have a greater impact on conventional gasoline vehicles. Based on the numerical analysis of parameter β, it is also found that when the government subsidizes consumers, supply chain members will increase their prices to obtain partial subsidies. Compared with retailers, low-carbon preferences have a greater impact on manufacturers.Research limitations/implicationsThe new energy automobile industry involves many policies, including tax cuts, tax exemptions and subsidies. The policy environment faced by the members of a supply chain is complex and diverse. Therefore, the analysis in this article is based only on partial policies.Originality/valueThe authors innovatively combine the three factors of subsidy policy, carbon tax policy and consumer low-carbon preference, with research on the pricing of EVs. The influence of policy factors and consumer preferences on the pricing of EVs is studied.

Pituitary adenomas are benign tumors of the anterior pituitary gland for which surgery or pharmacological treatment is the primary treatment. When initial treatment fails, radiation therapy should be considered. There are several case reports demonstrating radiation-induced vascular injury. We report an adult patient who presented with headache and diplopia for 6 months and a sellar tumor with optic chiasm compression. The patient received transnasal surgery, and the tumor was partially removed, which demonstrated adenoma. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) was arranged. However, owing to progressive tumor growth, the patient received further transnasal surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). After 14 years, the patient reported the sudden onset of headache and diplopia, and a ruptured fusiform aneurysm from the left internal carotid artery with pituitary apoplexy was diagnosed. The patient received transarterial embolization of the aneurysm. There were no complications after embolization, and this patient was ambulatory on discharge with blindness in the left eye and cranial nerve palsies. Aneurysm formation may be a complication of SRS, and it may occur after several years. Further research is needed to investigate the pathogenesis of radiosurgery and the development of cerebral aneurysms.

The era of digital economy has spawned new factors of production represented by big data. Data-driven sustainable growth and innovative development is the main line of enterprise digital transformation. In view of the uncertainty of supply chain demand, the optimization of supply chain management under the influence of carbon tax policy is studied from the low-carbon perspective. By introducing the fuzzy theory and a membership function to describe the need for uncertainty, a supply chain optimization model considering the influence of carbon emissions is constructed. Carbon tax policy is regarded as the constraint condition of external production. In the case of fuzzy cost changes, the optimization decision of enterprise supply chain management under carbon tax policy is explored. A trapezoidal fuzzy number is used to determine model fuzziness, and the trapezoidal fuzzy number combined with a genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. Furthermore, taking a certain enterprise as an example, the validity of the model is verified by the mathematical programming model method, considering the data driven and taking the data as the means of production.

The semiconductor industry has always faced strong demands to solve the problem of heat dissipation and reduce the power consumption in electronic devices. This trend has been increased in recent years with the action of environmental sustainability. The correct conception of an electronic system for low power consumption is an issue with multiple levels of complexities and requires systematic approaches in its construction. However, the adoption of any technique for reducing the power consumption is always linked with some specific goals and causes some impacts on the project. Although the designers know well that these impacts can affect the design in a quality aspect, the quantitative details are still unkown or just be kept inside the company's know-how. In this work, according to the experimental results based on an industrial SoC 2 platform, we try to quantify the impacts of the use of low power techniques. We will relate the power reduction factor of each technique to the impact in terms of area, performance, implementation and verification effort. In the absence of such data, which relates the engineering effort to the goals of power consumption, uncertainties and delays are frequent. We hope that such guidelines can help/guide the project architects in selecting the appropriate techniques to reduce the power consumption within the limit of budget and project schedule. 2 System On Chip ix Agradecimentos Agradeço .... .... a Deus pelo sol e ar de todos os dias. ....à minha família pela eduacação e apoio. Principalmente meus pais e irmãos. .... ao meu orientador Prof. Guido Costa Souza de Araújo, idealizador de projeto universitário para treinamento de projetistas de Circuito Integrado, o Brazil-IP, do qual, adquiri grande parte dos conhecimentos da indústria semicondutora e o fluxo de projeto real. .... ao prof. Elmar Melcher, diretor técnico de projeto Brazil-IP, por ter me instruído grande parte das competências técnicas de projeto de circuito integrado e ter me conduzido ao 'first silicon success' do primeiro chip da minha carreira profissional. .... aos meus amigos e companheiros de guerra da primeira turma de Brazil-IP (André, Wilson, Isaac, Zurita, Osman, Felipe, Samuel) que passamos tantas noites trabalhando em 'debugar' os FPGAs e silícios, nos intervalos entre uma prova e outra. .... aos colegas (alunos, professores e técnicos) da LSC/IC/UNICAMP que me ajudaram, mesmo que seja indiretamente, nesta longa jornada. .... a todos aqueles que contribuíram, com boa fé, para a realização deste trabalho. xi