A highly efficient asymmetric hydrogenation of γ- and δ-ketoacids was developed by using a chiral spiro iridium catalyst (S)-1a, affording the optically active γ- and δ-hydroxy acids/lactones in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee) and turnover numbers (TON up to 100000). This protocol provides an efficient and practical method for enantioselective synthesis of Ezetimibe.

It is surveyed that the amination of the Baylis-Hillman acetates with primary amines can be dramatically promoted in improved yields and shortened reaction time under ultrasound irradiation than those under conventional stirring. The extensive scope of both amines and acetates are screened to investigate the relationship between substituents and their performance in such transformation.

A novel tetracyclic frameworks of dispiropyrrolizidines can be obtained in moderate to good yields via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with dipolarophiles derived from aza-Claisen rearrangement of Baylis-Hillman amines. The transformations are highly regioselective and stereoselective, affording the desired compounds in reduced time and increased yields under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature. All the products are confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, IR and MS spectra, while their molecular structures are elucidated by X-ray crystallography of a selected sample.

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