Astigmatisma merupakan kelainan refraksi akibat bentuk kornea atau lensa yang tidak teratur, yang sering terjadi pada anak usia sekolah. Hingga saat ini penyebab astigmatisma belum diketahui walaupun faktor genetik dan gaya hidup diduga berperan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor genetik dan gaya hidup dengan astigmatisma pada anak. Penelitian dilakukan di RS JIH dan PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping, dari bulan Januari hingga Desember 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik-observasional dengan metode potong lintang. Didapatkan sampel sebanyak tujuh puluh enam anak, yang kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan virus dan mengisi kuesioner tentang faktor genetic dan gaya hidup pasien. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faktor genetik dan gaya hidup dengan astigmatisma pada anak. Faktor genetik merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan astigmatisma pada anak (p=0,003, 95% CI for B=0,52-1,18) dibandingkan dengan faktor gaya hidup yaitu kebiasaan menggunakan gadget (p=0,015, 95% CI for B= 0,50-1,01), kebiasaan membaca (p=0,204, 95% CI for B= -0,49-0,46), dan kebiasaan menonton televisi lebih dari dua jam sehari (p=0,211, 95% CI for B= -0,55-0,25).

BACKGROUND: Conjunctivitis is one of the most common eye disorders in the worldwide. The incidence of conjunctivitis in Indonesia reached 73% of the population. Conjunctivitis cases in Yogyakarta City have increased from year to year. AIM: This study purposed to identify the social-environmental risk factors that influence the incidence of conjunctivitis in Yogyakarta. METHODS: Design study was an observational analytic method with a case–control research design. The population study was all the patients visited at the Eye Clinic of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital and private hospital Yogyakarta in 2019. The total sample is 204 respondents who were divided into case and control. One hundred and four respondents were in a case while 100 were controlled. The case was a conjunctivitis patient treated at the Eye Clinic of PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital and private hospital Yogyakarta in 2019, while the control was a non-conjunctivitis patient who went to the same two hospitals as the case respondent. Data were collected by direct interviews using a structured questionnaire covering the respondents’ demographics and social-environmental conditions. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 univariate and bivariate using Chi-square. RESULTS: The results of the bivariate analysis showed that age, the distance between the house and the river, the distance between the place and the temporary garbage dump, contacted from a close friend, the windows of the house were always opened every day as risk factors affecting the incidence of conjunctivitis. CONCLUSION: The study’s decision is the social-environmental as a risk factor for conjunctivitis in Yogyakarta.

High myopia is one of the risk factors for glaucoma, which is often accompanied by abnormalities in the fundus due to excessive stretching. The object of the study is to determine correlation between cup ratio and optic nerve disc with high myopia. This is a non-experimental research, analytic observational  with cross-sectional study design. The subjects were patients with myopia with more than – 6.00 diopters at the Kebumen Eye Center Clinic and Purbowangi Gombong Hospital. Data collection was carried out in January - August 2019. The respondents  were 30 people, consisting of 14 men (46.7%), 16 women (53.3%), with an average age of 33.07 ± 18.04 years. Mean refraction of right eye (OD / Ocular Dextra) were -10.72 ± 4.82 diopters and left eye (OS / Ocular Sinistra) were -10.27 ± 4.52 diopters. The results of the correlation test using Spearman Test showed that there is no significant correlation (OD p = 0.115, OS p = 0.118) between the cup ratio and optic nerve disk with high myopia. It conclude that there is no significant correlation between cup ratio and optic nerve disc with high myopia.

Glaucoma is a disease marked with damage to the optic nerve, chronic and can cause blindness. Glaucoma needs regular therapy to prevent blindness. This study was an observational study using a case-control approach. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test to determine the differences in blood sugar levels in the DM and non-DM groups and the Chi-Square test to determine differences in the success of glaucoma therapy in DM and non-DM patients. There were 66 samples of glaucoma patients in this study, consisting of 14 men (21.2%) and 52 women (78.8%). The mean age of the patients was 61.12 ± 9.17 years. The sample was divided into 2 groups, namely 34 DM patients (51.5%) and 32 non DM patients (48.5%). The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences in blood sugar levels between the DM and non-DM groups (p <0.05). Blood sugar levels in the DM group were 202.59 ± 73.5 mg / dL and in the non-DM group was 106.19 ± 16.3 mg / dL. In conclusion, there is no difference in the success of glaucoma therapy in DM and non-DM patients. Keywords             : glaucoma, glaucoma therapy, diabetes mellitusCorrespondence        :nurshani_meida@yahoo.com