Design thinking (DT) is considered a “human-centered” or “user-needs” process that leads to business innovation. Promising practices of DT application in real life have gained popularity in business, such as IBM’s the loop, IDEO’s 3I model, Design Council’s double diamond model, and Stanford’s d.school model. However, many existing studies have targeted DT models in a small group setting, such as a startup environment or a small group in an educational institution. The primary purpose of this paper was to investigate how large corporate environments that have multiple departments with a waterfall culture define and apply DT in real use. The first part of this paper introduces the most popular DT models used in the industry and some insights into their use in the field; the second part examines the experiences of 20 professionals who have experience with DT in the large organizational environment through in-depth interviews. As a result, this paper offers three major insights regarding the use of DT in the field. The third part of this study suggests an appropriate enterprise DT model for large corporations based on the problem-solving activities already undertaken by employees. This study is important as the first step toward understanding DT implementation in large corporations.

Volatile compounds generated by fish spoilage were investigated by an inside-needle microextraction method followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The inside of a needle was coated with an adsorbent to extract the target analytes from the headspace of the sample. The examined adsorbents included β-cyclodextrin, polystyrene resin cross-linked with 1% divinylbenzene, and polyethylene glycol mixed with polydimethylsiloxane. The investigated volatile compounds generated by fish spoilage were acetone, 2-butanone, 2-butanol, 2-propanol, dimethyl disulfide, acetic acid, and benzaldehyde. The analysis conditions for the sorption and desorption processes were optimized. Each optimized condition was validated by determining the limit of detection and the limit of quantitation from the calibration curves, as well as the recovery, reproducibility, and concentration factors. As a result, all of the fabricated needles afforded successful recoveries, above 90%, with relative standard deviations below 10%. In particular, cyclodextrin and polystyrene resin cross-linked with 1% divinylbenzene mixed with polydimethylsiloxane show good sensitivities and concentration factors for the standard volatile compounds. The storage of fresh mackerel and salted mackerel at room temperature for 14 days caused the concentrations of dimethyl disulfide and acetic acid to significantly increase while those of acetone, 2-butanone, 2-propanol, and 2-butanol changed only slightly.

No abstract

This work reports the preparation and characterization of poly(styrene-acrylic acid) (St/AA) submicrocapsules by using the miniemulsion copolymerization method. AA was introduced to miniemulsion polymerization of St to increase the zeta potential and the resulting electrostatic stability of St/AA submicrocapsules. Phytoncide oil was adopted as the core model material. . St/AA submicrocapsules prepared at the optimum condition (392.6 nm and −55.2 mV of mean particle size and zeta potential, respectively) showed almost no variations in backscattering intensity (stable colloids without aggregation).