In physiological and production studies on intact and fistulated cows and sheep, the effect on enzymatic and microbiological processes in the rumen was studied when energy feed (EF) based on propylene glycol, glycerin and sugars was included in the standard diet of cows, separately and in combination with a complex of cellulolytic enzymes, consisting from cellulase, glucoaminolase, xylanase and β-gluconase (EF + CCE), and in the standard diet of sheep – micellate-Ca (M-Ca), microalgae Spirulina Platensis (Sp.Pl.), dihydroquercetin (DHQ) separately and in combination with organic iodine (DHQ+OJ). As a result of the use of these feed factors, there were changes in the indicators of digestion in the rumen of cows and sheep. In cows under the influence of EF in the rumen chyme, in relation to the control, cellulolytic activity increased by 75,4 %, and amylolytic activity decreased by 17,0 %, the content of VFA increased by 3,9 % and acetate by 2,2 %, and the content of propionate, butyrate and ammonia decreased by 5,6; 6,2 and 3,3 %, respectively. At the same time, there was an increase in the number of bacteria by 6,2 % and ciliates by 2,6 %, with a stable pH of 6,8. The inclusion of EF + CCE in the diet of cows did not affect the pH of the chyme, equal to 7,2; increased the content of VFAs by 3,6 % and reduced the content of ammonia by 3,8 % had almost no effect on the number of microorganisms, but changed its composition – the number of bacteria increased by 27,8 %, and the number of ciliates decreased by 23,5 %. In sheep, under the influence of M-Ca in the chyme, there was an increase in pH from 6,31 to 6,54, the content of VFAs by 6,6 %, amylolytic activity by 1,7 %, the number of microorganisms by 1,4 %, incl. ciliates by 0,4 %, bacteria by 2,2 % and the ammonia content decreased by 16,4 %. under the influence of Sp.Pl. there was an increase in pH from 6,31 to 6,91, amylolytic activity by 6,1 %, and a decrease in the content of VFAs by 18,2 %, ammonia by 3,4 %, the number of microorganisms by 5,4 %, incl. ciliates by 19,2 % and bacteria by 8,4 %; under the influence of DHQ, there was an increase in pH from 5,7 to 6,4, a decrease in the content of VFAs by 18,9 %, amylolytic activity by 7,3 %, ammonia by 24,1 %, an increase in the number of microorganisms by 2,2 % incl. h bacteria by 26,5 % with a decrease in the number of ciliates by 27,3 %; under the influence of DHQ + OJ, there was an increase in pH from 5,7 to 5,8, amylolytic activity by 1,1 %, ammonia content by 16.5 %, the number of microorganisms by 15,3 %, incl. ciliates by 56,1 % and bacteria by 8,7 %. All feed factors, with the exception of DHQ+OJ, shifted the redox potential of the chyme towards reduction, and under the action of DHQ+OJ, towards oxidation.

The studies were carried out on laying hens of the Ptichnaya cross at the age of 19 weeks. with an initial live weight of 1,67 kg for 1,5 months, who were given a complete mixed feed (recipe No. KK 1-58-59576, (OJSC Istra-Hleboprodukt) at 135 g/bird/day. The hens were divided into 4 groups: the 1st was the control group received BR without additives, the 2nd and 3rd received BR + acid-soluble chitosan (ASC) at 10 and 20 mg/kg of live weight, respectively, the 4th received BR + 20 mg kg/l of live weight of water-soluble chitosan succinate (WSCC). Inclusion in the diet of laying hens of both forms had practically no effect on the content of total lipids in the yolk. In the eggs of group 2 hens, the content of total lipids in relation to the control at the age of 30 weeks was higher by 10,3 %, at 52 weeks it was lower by 3 %, and at 65 weeks it was lower by 0,76 %. In the eggs of hens of the 3rd group, the content of lipids at the age of 30 weeks was higher than in the control samples of eggs by 12,8 %, at 52 weeks by 1,2 %, and 65 weeks no differences were found. WSCC had no effect on the content of phospholipids, and ASC increased their concentration (depending on the dose). At a lower dose, an increase in the level of phospholipids in the yolk in the 1,8 times. In the eggs of hens of the 2nd group, the concentration of phospholipids was higher than in the control ones at the age of 30 weeks. by 85 %, at 52 weeks by 51,6 %, and at 65 weeks by 50%. In the eggs of hens of group 3, the concentration of phospholipids was higher compared to the data of eggs of hens of the control group at the age of 30 weeks. by 36,5 %, at 52 weeks. by 8 % and 65 weeks – by 9,6 %. The introduction of ASC at a dose of 10 mg/kg of live weight into the diet of chickens was accompanied by a decrease in cholesterol content by 1,5 times, and WSCC at a dose of 20 mg – by 2 times. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the eggs of laying hens between the control and experimental groups did not have significant differences and their values are within the established norms. When ASC was included in the diet of laying hens at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of live weight, a 15 % decrease in the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed, with an increase in the content of fatty acids of the ω-3 family in the whole egg by 24 %.