China's efforts to combat climate change have attracted widespread attention since it became the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in 2006. To achieve the 2°C (or even 1.5°C) Global Temperature Target (Wang et al., 2019), China submitted the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) to the Paris Agreement in 2015 and announced the updated targets in 2020. The government has committed to reducing carbon intensity (i.e., CO 2 emissions per unit of gross domestic product (GDP)) by more than 65% compared with the 2005 level, peaking the CO 2 emissions by 2030 (Fu et al., 2015), and increasing the share of non-fossil energy in energy consumption to approximately 25% (Xinhua News Agency, 2020). The peak in China's CO 2 emissions is not only a key target in China's climate change mitigation efforts, but also a necessary condition for a global emissions peak. In 2020, China announced an even more ambitious goal of achieving carbon neutrality before 2060. As China's economy has entered a "new normal" of slower economic growth (Zheng et al., 2019), creating less carbon-intensive development pathways, therefore, has become an important strategy.Reliable, transparent, and accurate energy statistics are fundamental to estimating CO 2 emissions, formulating emission reduction policies, promoting energy transition, and mitigating climate change (

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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) alleviate water pollution but also induce resource consumption and environmental impacts especially greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Mitigating GHG emissions of WWTPs can contribute to achieving carbon neutrality in China. But there is still a lack of a high-resolution and time-series GHG emission inventories of WWTPs in China. In this study, we construct a firm-level emission inventory of WWTPs for CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from different wastewater treatment processes, energy consumption and effluent discharge for the time-period from 2006 to 2019. We aim to develop a transparent, verifiable and comparable WWTP GHG emission inventory to support GHG mitigation of WWTPs in China.