From pyrolytic trifluoromethylation of [60]fullerene with CF3CO2Ag at 300 degrees C we have isolated ca. sixty C60(CF3)n isomers (numbers in parentheses) as follows: n = 2(1), 4(8), 6(13), 8(21), 10(11), 12(5), 14(4), twenty-one of which have been characterised by 19F NMR. Compounds with addition levels up to n = 20 have also been identified. With increasing value of n, yields decrease and the separation of compounds of similar HPLC retention time but different addend levels becomes more difficult. Many of the 19F NMR spectra show combinations of quartets and septets (the latter tending to be more downfield) due to 'linear' addend arrays. The spectra are consistent with addition across both 6:6- and 5:6-ring junctions [double (1.2) and single (1.6) bonds, respectively], giving corresponding coupling constants for adjacent addends of ca. 14.5 and 12.0 Hz respectively, the differences being attributable to the different 1.2- and 1.6-bond lengths. The 13C NMR spectrum of C60(CF3)2 shows the CF3 groups are in either a 1.4- or 1.6-relationship; the UV-vis band appears at 442 nm. Other unsymmetrical tetra-adducts are comprised of isolated pairs of CF3 groups. The exceptionally large number of derivatives and isomers, (much greater than in any other fullerene reaction), no dominant product, and unusual addition pattern indicates that thermodynamic stability is not of primary importance in governing product formation. EI mass spectrometry of trifluoromethylfullerenes is characterised by loss of CF3 groups, the more highly addended compounds also showing fragmentation by CF2 loss, attributable to steric compression. The CF3 group shows strong IR bands at ca. 1260 and 1190 cm-1. The compounds are stable to aq. acetone, which contrasts to the behaviour of fluorofullerenes. Trifluoromethylation by the Scherer radical (C9F19.) gave addition of up to eight CF3 groups, together with hydrogen in some products. During EI mass spectrometry of some of these, loss of HF attributable to CF3 and H adjacency can occur, giving CF2-containing derivatives.

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Our previous investigations showed that homolytic reactions of C 60 with a number of perfluoroorganic and organomercury(II) compounds occurring under electron impact (EI) in the ionization chamber (IC) of a mass spectrometer could predict the reactivity of C 60 towards these compounds in solution or solid state. To expand the scope of this statement, C 60 and C 70 have been reacted with ketones RCOR 1 , where R and R 1 are alkyl, aryl, benzyl, and CF 3 , in an IC under EI to yield products of the addition of R · and R 1 · radicals to the fullerenes, paramagnetic ones being stabilized by hydrogen addition and loss. Experimental evidence in support of a mechanism involving homolytic dissociation of ketone molecules via superexcited states to afford these radicals that react with the fullerenes at the IC surface has been obtained. As anticipated, the reactions between C 60 and several ketones conducted in solution under UV irradiation have afforded Me-, Ph-, and CF 3 -derivatives of C 60 . However, some other products have been identified by mass spectrometry and their formation is reasonably explained. When decalin has been employed as a solvent, decalinyl derivatives of the fullerene have been found among the products and the (9-decalinyl)fullerenyl radical has been registered by EPR. Thus, incomplete but reasonable conformity of the results of the reactions of fullerenes with ketones in an IC under EI with those of the reactions of the same reagents in solution under UV irradiation has been demonstrated, and the former results can predict the latter ones to a reasonable extent.

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The hydrolysis–condensation reactions of m-tolyl, m-chlorophenyl, and α-naphtyl-trichlorsilanes, (1, 2, and 3, respectively) in water-acetone solutions were examined for how they were influenced by the change in the concentration of HCl (CHCl). The composition of the products was monitored by 29Si NMR spectroscopy and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). The acidity of the medium was shown to affect the yields of the products, and so, what products were formed. For 3, e.g., APCI-MS showed peaks of α-naphtyl-T8 and α-naphtyl-T10 as the most abundant in the spectra taken after 48 and 240 h for the reaction conducted at CHCl = 0.037 mol L−1. Unlike this, at CHCl = 0.15 mol L−1, those peaks were of [α-naphtyl(HO)2SiO]2(α-naphtyl)(HO)Si and/or [α-naphtyl(HO)Si]3, [α-naphtyl(HO)Si]4,5, and α-naphtyl-T8 after 192 h. However, at both CHCl values, the main product (and an intermediate) after 24 h was trans-1,1,3,3-tetrahydroxy-1,3-di-α-naphtyldisiloxane. It was isolated and its structure established by 1H-, 29Si-NMR, and X-ray powder diffraction.