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Biodiesel production from waste palm oil catalyzed by hierarchical

We investigated the transformation of kaolin to ZSM-5 using hydrothermal synthesis method and the influence of organic template as a structure-directing agent.  The formation of ZSM-5 from kaolin occurred via dissolution of kaolin to form amorphous silica. Zeolite-like analcime produced when the hydrothermal treatment was extended to 18 h. We found synergistic effect of using a mixture of TPAOH and TPABr organic template to enhance kaolin dissolution, initiate ZSM-5 formation and inhibit the transformation of ZSM-5 to analcime.

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