No abstract

Structures of platinum and chromium supported on zeolite beta were investigated by XAFS, XPS, UV–vis, NH3-TPD, XRD, CO chemisorption, and molecular dynamics simulation. Both platinum and chromium were uniformly dispersed in the micropore of zeolite beta. Loading of chromium helped platinum to disperse highly and stabilized in the micropore of beta. Major species of platinum on PtCr/beta after calcination at 773 K was Pt2+ forming a Pt–O bond. The Pt–O bond disappeared, and a Pt–Pt bond did not appear by reducing PtCr/beta in hydrogen, accompanying formation of Pt0. Chromium was loaded as chromate anion in the micropore of zeolite. Results of molecular dynamics simulation showed that Pt2+ associated with CrO4 2– in the micropore of zeolite beta was more stable than those in the absence of chromium species. We concluded that CrO4 2– electrostatically stabilizes Pt2+ and inhibits migration and aggregation of platinum.

High school "sports strong teams" are a part of school education and serve as an important foundation of Japanese competitive sports. However, even though their importance has been pointed out, up to now there has been little research focusing on "sports strong teams." Therefore, this study sheds light on the historical characteristics of the high school "sports strong team" formation process.