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To investigate the incidence of spinal instability among patients with discogenic low back pain and its various effects with respect to the patients' age, gender, sports activity, and occupation. [Participants and Methods] We assessed 65 patients diagnosed with discogenic low back pain at our clinic between May 2016 and May 2020. After measuring segmental angulation using plain radiographs, we divided these patients into two groups: (1) instability group with >10° of segmental angulation or >3 mm of sagittal translation and (2) stability group with <10° of segmental angulation and <3 mm of sagittal translation. Patient data such as age, gender, sports activity, and occupation were collected using their medical records. [Results] The incidence of spinal instability was 57% (37 patients) among the patients with discogenic low back pain. No significant differences in age, gender, sports activity, and occupation were identified between the groups. [Conclusion] The incidence of spinal instability accounted for more than half of the total number of patients. Additionally, age, gender, sports activity, and occupation did not affect the incidence of spinal instability. Our results support the importance of rehabilitation, such as stability training for spinal instability, for patients with discogenic low back pain.

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In the hydraulic conveying of solid-liquid flow in the conduit, the discharging plates were proposed by the authors to transport the particles that had piled up. In this papei the depth of the plates installed for the particle beds was changed and the flow of the particles was examined by the flow visualization. As a result, it was found the optimum depth of the plates for the particle beds exists. It was confirmed that the effects of interval and overall length of the plates in this optimum condition are qualitatively similar with the case that the depth of the plate for the particle beds is shallow as the previous report.