By integrating sensing, memory and processing functionalities, biological nervous systems are energy and area efficient. Emulating such capabilities in artificial systems is, however, challenging and is limited by the device heterogeneity of sensing and processing cores. Here we report an organic electrochemical transistor capable of sensing, memory and processing. The device has a vertical traverse architecture and a crystalline–amorphous channel that can be selectively doped by ions to enable two reconfigurable modes: a volatile receptor and a non-volatile synapse. As a volatile receptor, the device is capable of multi-modal sensing and is responsive to stimuli such as ions and light. As a non-volatile synapse, it is capable of 10-bit analogue states, low switching stochasticity and good state retention. We also show that the homogeneous integration of the devices could provide functions such as conditioned reflexes and could be used for real-time cardiac disease diagnoses via reservoir computing.

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have received attention due to their morphological stability under thermal and mechanical stresses. Currently, the highest reported power conversion efficiency of all-PSCs is over 17%, achieved by utilizing polymerized small molecular acceptors (PSMAs). However, the need for higher regiospecificity to avoid forming isomers during polymerization of SMAs still challenges the further applications of all-PSCs. From this perspec-

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