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TMG Working PaperMaking sustainable land management work for women smallholders 1 Land tenure insecurity is a major obstacle for smallholder farmers wishing to invest in soil protection and rehabilitation. Securing access to land for those most affected by it -especially women, youth and migrants -is crucial.2 Sustainable Land Management is very labour-intensive.A lack of labour limits women in experimenting and applying a range of SLM technologies. Therefore, supporting farmer groups that pool labour is essential.3 Soil protection starts with knowledge. Gender-discriminatory norms, attitudes and behaviours that limit women's access to information need to be challenged.4 Women face more limitations than men in accessing agricultural equipment, credit and inputs, leading to lower adoption rates of SLM technologies. Intra-household dynamics need to be understood in order to alleviate gender imbalances.5 Research is key for the design of gender-sensitive approaches, and comprehensive data collection is indispensable to track progress on gender indicators. But monitoring activities need to go beyond female participation ratios and other numeric measures to track progress towards gender equality.6The persistent gender gap in agriculture can only be tackled through structural change by 2030. Giving women smallholder farmers equal opportunities is fundamental to reaching gender equality in agriculture and requires everyone's involvement and commitment.

Depuis quelques années, la figure de l’entrepreneur en Afrique fait l’objet d’un regain d’intérêt. Discours – scientifiques, politiques et médiatiques – de valorisation de l’entrepreneuriat et dispositifs actifs de promotion se répandent sur fond de promesses diverses (lutte contre la pauvreté et le réchauffement climatique, moteur de la transition numérique, autonomisation des femmes, etc.). Un tel déploiement discursif interroge : pourquoi ce retour de la figure presque héroïque de l’entrepreneur aujourd’hui ? Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière la manière dont cette rhétorique pro-entrepreneuriale s’est construite et a évolué au sein des institutions internationales du développement, pour illustrer ensuite comment elle se matérialise dans les débats académiques contemporains sur l’entrepreneuriat en Afrique et quel idéal-type dominant de l’entrepreneur il en ressort.

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