The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition, commercial qualities and taste of berries of promising strawberry varieties breeding of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (Moscow) in the conditions of the Orenburg Urals. The studies were carried out in 2016-2018 on the basis of the Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery in specific conditions, where almost annually dry and moderately dry climatic periods were observed during the formation of the yield (May-June). A comparative evaluation of varieties on the content of sugars, acids, vitamin C in berries, taste and attractiveness of appearance is given. The dependence of the studied parameters on the genotype of the variety and vegetation conditions was established. Depending on the variety and year, the content of soluble solids varied from 7.2 to 10.2 %, with an average content of 8.9 %; total acidity varied from 0.8 to 1.2 %, with an average content of 1.0 %; the content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was from 45.1 to 78.5 mg/100 g, with an average content of 56.4 mg/100 g. Varieties with high parameters of tasting evaluation (Darenka, Kokinskaya Zarya, Studencheskaya), soluble solids (Rosinka, Studencheskaya) and ascorbic acid (Kokinskaya Zarya, Bereginya) were revealed. They are recommended to be grown to obtain fresh consumption products and as processing products of various directions. Bereginya, Darenka and Rosinka varieties surpass control varieties in certain biochemical parameters and can be used in breeding in the Urals region to obtain new genotypes with an increased content of a specific biologically active substance. The variety Tsaritsa is selected for high commodity qualities of berries (weight, dessert taste, attractiveness of appearance) and is recommended for commercial production of berries and involvement in breeding process. It has been established that the taste of berries is determined by a complex of acids, sugars and aromatic substances. This parameter was greatly influenced by weather conditions, from which air temperature and precipitations were determining.

The article presents data from field and laboratory studies on the productivity and drought tolerance of strawberry varieties in the Pre-Urals (on the example of the Orenburg region). The purpose of the research is a comparative study of the drought resistance of introduced strawberry varieties and the selection of the most productive and valuable for breeding. The Orenburg region belongs to the zone of insufficient moisture a characteristic feature of its climate is aridity. High air temperatures and lack of moisture are a stressor, leading to a partial loss of yield. During the research period (2017-2019), weather conditions were typical for the zone, which allowed us to assess the adaptive capacity of the varieties. In laboratory conditions, a study of the water regime in 12 varieties of strawberries was carried out. The obtained results revealed the nature of the reactions of strawberry plants to changes in environmental conditions depending on the characteristics of the genotype and made it possible to identify the varieties most adapted to local soil and climatic conditions. Data on productivity and its components of strawberry varieties distinguished by resistance to drought are presented. Among the varieties of early ripening in terms of productivity, the following stood out: Darenka, Studencheskaya, Rosinka (more than 200 g/bush). The productivity of the control variety Orlets was less than 200 g. Among the varieties of medium and late ripening by productivity (more than 300 g from the bush) stood out: Anastasia, Bereginya; more than 200 g from the bush yielded varieties: Polka, Urozhaynaya TSGL, Fireworks, Tsariсa. The average productivity (150-200 g per Bush) was in the control variety Zenga Zengana. In years with adverse factors, there was a decrease in the yield. As the initial forms for use in breeding for drought resistance, productive varieties are recommended: Anastasia, Bereginya, Darenka, Polka, Rosinka, Studentskaya, Urozhaynaya TSGL, Fireworks, Tsarina.

Реферат. В результате трехлетних исследований на землянике садовой органоминерального удобрения «Эврикор-Форте+7» установлено его положительное влияние на продуктивность растений и качество ягод. У удобренных растений количество цветоносов и развившихся плодов было выше, чем в контроле, а средняя масса плода, в зависимости от сорта, увеличилась от 8 до 17 %, по сравнению с контролем. Продуктивность изученных сортов после подкормки превышала продуктивность контрольных растений на 14, а сорта Юния Смайдс на 27,3 %. Существенного влияния на биохимический состав ягод земляники садовой применение удобрения не оказало.Ключевые слова: земляника садовая, органоминеральное удобрение, продуктивность растений, масса плода, биохимический состав ягод, Оренбургская область. Summary.As a result of three years of research on strawberries organic-mineral fertilizer «Eurekor-Forte+7» its positive effect on the productivity of plants and the quality of berries has been established. In the treated plants, the number of peduncles and developed fruits were higher than in the control, and the average weight of the fruit, depending on the variety, increased from 8 to 17 % compared with the control. The productivity of all studied varieties after processing exceeded the control by 14 %, and the Yuniya Smayds varieties by 27.3 %. There was no significant effect on the biochemical composition of strawberries when applying fertilizer.

результаты изучения исходного селекционного материала и его гибридного потомства в условиях Приуралья (на примере Оренбургской области). Цель исследования -выявить перспективные комбинации скрещивания по комплексу хозяйственноценных признаков. Гибридологический анализ сеянцев выявил большое разнообразие их количественных и качественных признаков. Выделены перспективные комбинации скрещивания по выходу отборных сеянцев с сочетанием в них зимостойкости, продуктивности, качества ягод: Анастасия × Урожайная ЦГЛ, Фейерверк × Витязь, Витязь × Торпеда, Троицкая × Даренка, Кокинская Заря × смесь пыльцы и популяция от свободного опыления сорта Берегиня.Ключевые слова: земляника садовая, селекция, исходные родительские формы, гибриды, зимостойкость, продуктивность, Приуралье Summary. The results of studying the parental breeding material and their hybrid offspring under the conditions of the Urals (on the example of the Orenburg region) are presented. The purpose of the study is to identify promising crossbreeding combinations by a complex of economically valuable traits. Hybridological analysis of seedlings revealed a wide variety of their quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Promising combinations of crossing by the output of selected seedlings with a combination of winter hardiness, productivity, and quality of berries were revealed: Anastasia × Urozhajnaya CGL, Fireworks × Vityaz, Vityaz × Torpeda, Troitskaya × Darenka, Kokinskaya Zarya × pollen mixture and population from free pollination of the Bereginya variety.

The article presents the results of the collection study of new varieties of strawberry breeding in All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery in the conditions of the Ural region (on the example of the Orenburg region). Unfavorable climate features for strawberries in the Orenburg Urals are low negative temperatures at the beginning of winter in the absence of snow cover and dry conditions during the growing season. According to the results of the study, Bereginya, Tsaritsa, Kokinskaya, Rosinka, Studencheskaya varieties were distinguished by good adaptation, high productivity (more than 0.2-0.3 kg/bush), and large — fruiting (average weight-more than 9.0 g). According to the indicated parameters, these varieties surpassed the zoned variety Orlets.