Ureteral fistulae after kidney transplantation represent major early urological complications with reported incidence from 1.2% to 12% in large series. The aim of the study is to establish the incidence, types and ureteral fistula related morbidity and lethality rates, by donor type. From 1995. to 2001, a total of 224 kidney transplantations (171 from living and 53 from cadaveric donor) have been performed at the Institute of Urology and Nephrology in Belgrade. Mean patients age was 36,67 years (11-64; SD = 10.69). Ureteral fistulae appeared only after living donor transplantation in a total of five patients (2.2%) (p > 0.05). In all patients open fistula repair was performed. Two patients had recidive ureteral fistula after primary and after secondary open repair. Following the third open repair one patient had lethal outcome. Ureteral fistulae after kidney transplantation still remain challenging urological problem with considerable morbidity and lethality rates.

The current referential literature describes over 40 surgical techniques of continent urinary derivations. A variation of ureterosigmoidostomy, published by Hadzi Djokic et al. (1996) is a combination of the original Mainz pouch II (sigma rectum pouch) technique (Fish & Hohenfellner, 1991) and modified ureterointestinal anastomosis as described by Camey & LeDuc (1979) with a few new details described by the author himself. In the period 1994-2006, the total of 236 patients were treated by this method. Radical cystectomy in cases of multifocal transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was the most common indication for this method (91,5%). In the course of follow-up (mean duration 24 months) the quality of life (QL) of these patients was evaluated by physical characteristics, mental status, social aspects and comparative evaluation of quality of life with ileal conduit which is still considered the "gold standard" for urinary derivations. A very good quality of life in all studied dimensions (3/4) patients) suggests the fact that this form of continent urinary derivation provides the patients with the fair quality of life and confirms justifiability of this surgical procedure under certain indications.

Fracture of the penis, or rupture of the corpus c avernosum is an uncommon injury, but probably under-reported entity. Only approximately 180 cases have been reported in the literature. Penile fracture with urethral injury is even more uncommon, accounting for approximately 10 to 20% of the cases reported. Early reports on this injury suggest conservative therapy as the choice of treatment. Recent reports emphasize immediate surgical repair to prevent late sequelae of injury, especially those associated with urethral rupture. We review 5 cases with evaluation, treatment and followup. Delays in treatment lead to long-term complications.

The basic objective of the study is to present the effects of two types of anesthesia, general and combined general and epidural, on intraoperative bleeding and to present the effect of epidural analgesia during the postoperative period in radical cystecomy. Subjects who received general and epidural anesthesia had on the average 28.5% less bleeding than those who only had general anesthesia. Patients who received postoperative epidural analgesia had statistically significantly better analgesia during the postoperative period than those who were administered Tramadol intramuscularly.

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