In this article, the problem of modeling a time series using the Minimax method is considered. The expediency of using Minimax to identify points of change in trends and the range of changes in the graphical figures of technical analysis is justified. Spline approximation of the dynamic process with range constraints was performed to improve the quality of the model. Investors are advised to refrain from making hasty decisions in favor of holding reliable shares (such as PJSC Novatek shares), rather than selling them. The purchase of new shares should be carefully analyzed. Through an approximation of the dynamic number of the applicable optimization problem of minimizing the maximum Hausdorff distances between the ranges of the dynamic series and the values of the approximating function, the applied approach can provide reliable justification for signals to buy shares. Energy policy occupies the highest place in the list of progress ratings according to news analytics of businesses related to the energy sector of the economy. At the same time, statistical indicators and technologies of expert developments in this field, including intellectual analysis, can become an important basis for the development of a robotic knowledge program in the field under study, an organic addition to which is the authors’ methodology of development in energy economics as in energy policy. This paper examines the model of approximation of the multivalued time series of PJSC Novatek, represented as a series of ranges of numerical values of the indicators of financial markets, with constraints on the approximating function. The authors consider it advisable for promising companies to apply this approach for successful long-term investment.

Blockchain technology has emerging areas of deployment in diverse sectors and use cases. In this study, several potential application areas of blockchain with promising benefits have been identified in the natural gas industry. There is no single solution that can address different challenges and meet disparate requirements. Therefore, it is important to understand the needs of the natural gas industry and propose appropriate blockchain solutions. Moreover, in the literature, there is a lack of detailed case studies involving industrial experts from the natural gas sector. Expert opinion can be useful for prioritizing the most needed or expected blockchain application areas among several options. By considering privacy, authentication, speed, security, energy consumption, and costs, suitable blockchain types and consensus mechanisms can be determined. This study presents one of the first detailed case studies for tailored applications of blockchain in the natural gas industry. Through a two-staged semi-structured interview with executives from SOCAR Azerbaijan, the most important blockchain application areas and operational requirements were identified. Furthermore, the most suitable blockchain solutions that can address application-specific conditions and needs were determined. This study both, develops a replicable and reliable methodology to conduct detailed blockchain implementation case studies in the natural gas industry and various other sectors, and provides detailed insights into the primary application areas, operational expectations–requirements, and implementation challenges specific to each application.

The presented study examines the digital banking model in the context of globalization.Aim. The study aims to analyze the nature and current state of digital banking and to determine perspective directions for its development in Azerbaijan.Tasks. The authors examine the major trends in the development of digital banking, determine its classification relative to the Russian digital banking market, and identify perspective directions for its development in Azerbaijan.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine in various aspects the models of development, its trends, characteristic features, and perspective directions in Azerbaijan. Results. The progress of both Internet banking and mobile banking is closely associated with e-commerce. Out of 30 banks operating in Azerbaijan, 27 use Internet banking and 25 use mobile banking. At this point, 25% of current account transactions in Azerbaijani banks are conducted via electronic payments. According to the UNCTAD B2C E-commerce Index, Azerbaijan ranks 68th among 144 countries in terms of e-commerce development. Therefore, the most important strategic priorities for the country include improving the variety, quality, and services in the field of digital payments by consolidating the institutional and legal framework of these services, increasing the infrastructure capacity, and facilitating mass use. Expanding the scope of application of digital payments in the context of transparent economic transactions would reduce the costs associated with cash and operating losses of banks and institutions, which would in turn open up new opportunities for modern financial services, thus enhancing economic growth.Conclusions. Development of digital banking is a path toward economic transparency, shrinking of the underground economy, and an increase in tax revenues, the number of jobs, and GDP. The Central Bank of Azerbaijan (CBA) is taking systemic measures aimed at expanding the digital transformation of the banking service and payment system. The implementation and development of innovative banking products should be reflected in the strategy of every bank. Digitalization could become one of the forces driving the development of the baking system and increase the level of trust between depositors and banks, making this sector more transparent. However, there is one major obstacle: a lack of understanding that business should be urgently transformed using digital technology.

The article is devoted to the development of economic and mathematical tools for assessing the level of investment attractiveness of oil companies. It is noted that the oil industry is the driver of economic development of any country. The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant problem of instability in the Russian oil sector. This problem is of a strategic nature and its solution requires the activation of investment in the oil complex enterprises and, as a result, the development and use of model tools to assess the level of investment attractiveness of investment objects. The economic and mathematical model proposed in this article is based on the application of the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic and allows us to give a quantitative assessment of the investment climate of oil companies when operating with qualitatively defined characteristics (multipliers).

Currently, the effectiveness of banks’ activities and their competitiveness in the financial market largely depends on the introduction of the latest banking services and technological processes. This article examines trends in the digitalization of the banking sector in Azerbaijan. The main purpose of the article is to identify key prospects for the development of digital banking in Azerbaijan in the context of the digital economy. As a result of the study, the problems and prospects of using digital technologies in the banking sector were identified.