Background: Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death and sometimes curable.  Bacteria are the most common etiology in hospitalized patients. The objective of this study was to  evaluate the incidence of bacterial infections and their pattern of susceptibility to antibiotics in  moderate and severe infections in patients admitted at NICVD hospital.Methodology: The study was performed in the apical teaching hospital of Bangladesh situated at  Dhaka in the first half of 2012. Patients admitted in medical wards and medical ICU, suffering from  moderate and severe infections were studied. Clinical evaluation, routine and specific investigations  were done in each case. Microbiological samplings were tried on day 1, after completion of antibiotic  therapy or in between as required. Aerobic bacterial culture and sensitivity tests were done.  Result: A total of 274 cases were studied of which male (67.5%) were predominant than female  (32.5%). The highest number of patients were in the age group of 30-60 years (53.6%) followed by 10-  30 years (24.5%) and more than 60 years (12.8%). The mean age with standard deviation was  39.15±19.07 years (range 1-90 years). Most common isolated bacteria was the Pseudomonas species  (14.2%) followed by Escherichia coli (13.5%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (6.9%) and Staphylococcus  aureus (2.2%). From these specimens Pseudomonas species (31.5%) was isolated mostly from pus. E.  coli was found most commonly in pus (16.3%) and urine (14.1%). Staph saprophyticus (13.0%) and  Staphylococcus aureus (4.3%) were both found most commonly in pus. Pseudomonas species was  100% resistant to Penicillin, Amoxycillin and Vancomycin. It was found that Pseudomonas species  was still more than 90% sensitive only to Imipenem. Escherichia coli was more than 80% sensitive to  only Imipenem and Amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to only Imipenem and Cephalexin.  Conclusion: In this study Pseudomonas species and Escherichia coli are the most common isolated  bacteria in this Institution. Most of the antibiotics are resistant to these two bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v5i1.12276 Cardiovasc. j. 2012; 5(1): 67-72

In Bangladesh with a large number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases and financial constraints with high HIV risk, evaluation of scanty i.e paucibacillary cases has great importance. To study the efficacy of Light Emitting Diode fluorescent microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis specially paucibacillary cases in comparison to conventional fluorescent microscopy, Ziehl-Neelsen staining and culture of sputum samples from patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis. 150 sputum samples collected from the patients suspected of pulmonary tuberculosis were processed by the Petroff's method, and subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen staining (ZN), which were examined by both LED and conventional fluorescent microscope (CFM) and culture on Lowenstein- Jensen media (gold standard) for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, out of 150 patients 14.67%, 8.67%, 4% cases were detected as paucibacillary (Scanty) cases by LED, CFM, ZN respectively. LED fluorescent microscopy is more effective in the detection of paucibacillary cases of pulmonary tuberculosis than other methods of microscopic examination. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v40i1.9958 BMJ 2011; 40(1): 22-26

Background: Tuberculosis remains world`s leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. Fluorescence microscopy offers well-described benefits, comparing with brightfield microscopy, for the evaluation sputum smear samples for tuberculosis. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of fluorescence microscopy, using novel Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology as an alternative to the conventional fluorescence microscopy by Auramine stain as well as brightfield microscopy by ZiehlNeelsen (ZN) stain. Objectives: The objective of the study was to see the usefulness of LED fluorescent microscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: This is a prospective study consisted of 150 sputum samples from the patients of NIDCH, Mohakhali. All samples were stained by auramine and ZN stain at BSMMU and culture was done in Lowenstein-Jensen (L-J) media as gold standard at NTRL, Mohakhali. Results: In this study total 66(44%) out of 150 sputum specimens were positive for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis by culture. Sensitivity and specificity documented for the different modalities were 95.38% and 94.11%, respectively, for the LED assessment; 68.18% and 90.47%, respectively, for the CFM assessment; and 56.06% and 97.61%, respectively, for brightfield microscopy by ZN stain. The difference in their case detection rate was statistically significant (χ

Background: One of the major causes of death in the current era is the infectious diseases. Aerobic bacteria are one of the most commonly isolated organisms from hospitalised patients. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to observe the infections caused by aerobic bacteria and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern. Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) from January 2012 to December 2012 for a period of one year. Patients who were admitted in medical wards and medical ICU suffering from different infections were undertaken for this study. Proper thoroughly clinical examination, routine and specific investigations were done in each case. Microbiological samplings were tried on day 1, after completion of antibiotic therapy or in between as required. Aerobic bacterial culture and sensitivity tests were done according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) standard. Result: A total of 660 samples were studied of which male (70.0%) were predominant than female (30.0%). The highest number of patients was in the age group of 30-60 years (54.0%) followed by 15-30 years (21.5%) and less than 15 years (13.0%). The mean age with standard deviation was 38.61±19.236 years. The most common isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli (40.1%) followed by Pseudomonas species (30.4%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (19.0%) and coagulase positive Staphylococcus (5.9%); however, beta-haemolytic Streptococcus (4.2%) was detected. Urine culture has yielded Pseudomonas species (13.3%), E. coli (71.1%) and CNS (15.0%). From pus Pseudomonas species (37.3%) was isolated mostly which was 62 cases followed by E. coli (31.3%), CNS (19.3%) and CPS (7.2%). Pseudomonas species was resistant to penicillin, amoxycillin and vancomycin and ~50% resistant to cotrimoxazole, cefuroxim, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, azythromycin, cephalexin, netelmycin and pfloxacillin. Conclusion: In the conclusion, majority bacteria are resistant to commonly used antibiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v6i2.18353 Cardiovasc. j. 2014; 6(2): 127-132

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