2006). Error-free alloptical wavelength conversion at 160 Gbit/s using a semiconductor optical amplifier and an optical bandpass filter.

h i g h l i g h t sHeat production in a fluidized bed by CO 2 adsorption on Zeolite 13X. Combined infrared/visual camera (PIV-DIA-IR) technique for studying heat transfer. Extensive validation though a combined CFD-DEM model. Key aspects of adsorption process studied with TGA and STA. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tAs a result of highly exothermic reactions during gas-phase olefin polymerization in fluidized bed reactors, difficulties with respect to the heat management play an important role in the optimization of these reactors. To obtain a better understanding of the particle temperature distribution in fluidized beds, a high speed infrared (IR) camera and a visual camera have been coupled to capture the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of a pseudo-2D fluidized bed. The experimental data were subsequently used to validate an in-house developed computational fluid dynamics and discrete element model (CFD-DEM). In order to mimic the heat effect due to the exothermic polymerization reaction, a model system was used. In this model system, heat is released in zeolite 13X particles (1.8-2.0 mm, Geldart D type) due to the adsorption of CO 2 . All key aspects of the adsorption process (kinetics, equilibrium and heat effect) were studied separately using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA), and subsequently fluidized bed experiments were conducted, by feeding gas mixtures of CO 2 and N 2 with different CO 2 concentrations to the bed, where the total heat of liberation could be controlled. The combined infrared/visual camera technique generated detailed information on the thermal behavior of the bed. Furthermore, the comparison of the spatial and temporal distributions of the particle temperature measured in the fluidized bed with the simulation results of CFD-DEM provides qualitative and quantitative validation of the CFD-DEM, in particular concerning the thermal aspects.

We demonstrate error-free 320 Gb/s SOA-based optical wavelength conversion. By utilizing optical filtering, an effective recovery time of less than 1.8 ps is achieved in an SOA, which ensures 320 Gb/s operation. OCIS codes: (190.5970) Semiconductor nonlinear optics, (250.5980) Semiconductor optical amplifier 1. Introduction All-optical wavelength converters (AOWCs) are considered as important building blocks in the future high-capacity wavelength-division-multiplexed networks. AOWCs that utilize nonlinearities of semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) have attracted considerable research interest due to the integration ability and power efficiency [1]. A number of SOA-based AOWCs have been demonstrated [2][3][4][5]. However, the slow SOA recovery time (typically several tens to hundred ps) can cause unwanted pattern effects in the converted signal, which limits the maximum operation speed.In this paper, we present for the first time an error-free and pattern-independent 320 Gb/s wavelength conversion using a single SOA. To our best knowledge, this is the highest operation speed for SOA-based wavelength conversion. The wavelength converter is constructed by using commercially available fiber pigtailed components. The SOA in the experiment is a commercial product (Kamelian nonlinear SOA), having an initial fully gain recovery time of 56 ps. We demonstrate that the effective recovery time of the SOA can dramatically shorten to less than 1.8 ps by using optical filtering. A delayed-interferometer is utilized to change the inverted signal into noninverted signal. The wavelength converter has a simple configuration, operates at low optical power, and this concept allows photonic integration. The work was funded by STW EET6491 and IST-LASAGNE (FP6-507509).

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