Formal assessment of shoulder translation using dynamic ultrasound should enable sports medicine practitioners to identify players at greatest risk of subsequent shoulder instability for targeted prehabilitation programs.

This research showed that tendon fenestration is an alternative cost-effective treatment for recalcitrant PT.

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Objective This study aimed to see whether the risk of shoulder dislocation is associated with innate shoulder laxity, in professional rugby players. Methodology We performed a pilot study where we validated techniques we used in the study and subsequently gained ethics committee approval. We visited all the premiership rugby clubs in England and assessed 169 professional rugby players with no history of shoulder instability and 46 players with clinical instability symptoms in one shoulder. We assessed shoulder laxity by means of clinical evaluation, questionnaires and ultrasound. Previous studies have shown no difference in shoulder laxity in left and right shoulders in normal individuals. We therefore compared the laxity in the uninjured shoulder of players with a previous group.bmj.com on June 9, 2015 -Published by

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