Trichaleurina is a fleshy mushroom with goblet-shaped within Pezizales. Many genera have a morphology similar to Trichaleurina, such as Bulgaria and Galiella. Some previous reports had been described fungi like Trichaleurina as Sarcosoma. Indonesia has been reported that has Trichaleurina specimen (the new name of Sarcosoma) by Boedijn. This research aimed to obtain, characterize, and determine the Trichaleurina around IPB University. Field exploration for fungal samples was used in the Landscape Arboretum of IPB University. Ascomata of Trichaleurina were collected, observed, and preserved using FAA. The specimen was deposited into Herbarium Bogoriense with collection code BO 24420. The molecular phylogenetic tree using RAxML was used to identify the species of the specimen. Morphological data were used to support the species name of the specimen. Specimen BO 24420 was identified as Tricahleurina javanica with 81% bootstrap value. Molecular identification was supported by the morphological data, such as the two oil globules and the size of mature ascospores.

Endophytic fungi play an important role on mangrove growth and development, however research on the endophytic fungi of the mangrove Rhizophora apiculata is limited. The endophytic fungi produce diverse bioactive compounds involved in the mangrove’s adaptation to varied biotic and abiotic stresses and could have applied uses in agriculture or medicine. The purpose of this research was to isolate endophytic fungi of Rhizophora apiculata mangrove and to study their activity as herbicides on the weed Gomphrena globosa. The fungi were isolated using the surface sterilization method and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular characteristics using ITS regions of rDNA. Herbicidal activity of the fungal filtrates extracted by ethyl acetate were tested on seed germination and seedling growth of G. globosa. Five fungal isolates were obtained, namely Penicillium citrinum, Diaporthe eucalyptorum, Diaporthe musigena, Colletotrichum queenslandicum, and Diaporthe tectonae. All isolates were able to grow on PDA medium containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 (% v/v) seawater concentrations, but the growth rate varied by species and seawater concentration. In general, all five isolates showed herbicidal activity by delaying seed germination and reducing shoot and root growth. P. citrinum showed the highest herbicidal activity compared to the other isolates. Analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of the crude extract of P. citrinum filtrate identified 7 main compounds: 3-Methoxy-2-methyl-cyclohex-2-enone, Cyclohexane-carbohexaldehyde, 6-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-2-oxo, Cyclopropane carboxylic acid, 1-(2-propenyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl ester, 2-Hydroxy-4-isopropyl-7-methoxytropone, Beta-Asarone, Oxane, 4-(2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl)-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-, and Diisooctyl-phthalate. These compounds should be studied further to determine which ones are responsible for the herbicidal activity.