Context The primary role of endometrial sampling in patients with AUB is to determine whether carcinoma or premalignant lesions are present by evaluating histologically. β-catenin has been one among the important markers studied to differentiate between benign EH and premalignant EIN. 1) To analyse the expression of Aims: β-catenin in various endometrial lesions 2) To dene the diagnostic accuracy of β-catenin in differentiating benign EH from premalignant EAH/EIN. Settings and Design: Prospective study conducted at Department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. Methods and Materials: β-catenin immunoexpressions were evaluated using immunohistochemical staining in 150 histopathologically diagnosed cases of endometrial lesions from AUB cases. Statistical analysis used: The statistical analysis was done using Pearson's Chi-squared test. Results: This study included Proliferative endometrium (22 cases), Benign endometrial hyperplasia (57 cases), Endometrial atypical hyperplasia/ Endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (56 cases) and Endometrioid carcinoma (15 cases). 50% cases of PE showed β-catenin membranous expression, 56% cases of BEH showed cytoplasmic expression, 27% cases of EAH/EIN and 60% of EMC showed nuclear expression. Statistically signicant association was seen between the location of β-catenin expression and different endometrial lesions (p<0.001). Diagnostic accuracy in differentiating benign EH from premalignant EAH/EIN was high with considering only nuclear β-catenin as aberrant expression and was low by considering cytoplasmic and /or nuclear βcatenin as aberrant expression.Conclusion Nuclear expression of β-catenin strongly correlates with increasing grades of endometrial pathology, namely endometrial atypical hyperplasia/ endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia and endometrioid carcinoma. Also nuclear expression of β-catenin appears as a little sensitive, but perfectly specic marker of endometrial precancer (EAH/EIN).

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Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon benign condition emerging from the synovial membrane of the joints, synovial sheaths or bursae around the joints 1. Synovial chondromatosis commonly influences the big joints in the third to fifth decade of life. The motivation behind this case report is to record this uncommon synovial pathology in 25 years young male which required open synovectomy and debridement to treat it. Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon benign condition. Patients generally present with swelling, pain and including the synovial covering of joints, synovial sheaths and movement restriction 2. It is the metaplastic procedure of synovium. It affects mainly large joints; knee, hip, which is an uncommon age group for this synovial pathology and shoulder, lower leg and wrist. Inclusion of smaller joints additionally, which incorporates distal radioulnar, peripheral synovium, which supposedly has tibio-fibular, metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal not been archived in before reports 2. Bursae around the joints are additionally significant uncommon areas for synovial chondromatosis 3. It typically shows in third to fifth decade of life. It is a rare case in 25 years young male presented with swelling and pain over right knee since 3 years. Histopathology Received pearly white cartilage bits with fibrofatty tissue. Gross Numerous round osteocartilaginous nodules. Histopathology Report Multiple sections studied from right knee synovial biopsy shows synovial tissue and multiple nodules of chondroid tissue and few muscle bundles. Impression Synovial chondromatosis (metaplasia) right knee biopsy.

BACKGROUNDRenal transplantation is considered as the surgical procedure used in renal replacement therapy. It has better patient survival. Common haematological changes in post renal transplant patients include anaemias, cytopenias, and rarely lymphoproliferative disorders. These changes are common adverse effects of immunosuppressive medications, infections due to immune suppression, transplant or immunosuppression-related co-morbidities. MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective study from the Upgraded Department of Pathology, Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad was done. Haematological indices of 100 post renal transplant patients were collected. The whole blood samples were analysed on Sysmex-1000 automated cell counter. Indices included in the study are haemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, Platelet count, Differential count, Reticulocyte count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC). RESULTSThere were 62% patients who had haemoglobin less than 9 gm/dl. 53% patients had leukocytosis. There was significant neutrophilic leukocytosis in 78% of patients. Thrombocytopenia was seen in 44% of patients. CONCLUSIONHaematological changes post renal transplantation are multifactorial. Understanding how blood disorders develop will help cure these life threatening complications. Pharmacological treatment strategies for post-transplant blood disorders like tapering immunosuppressive therapy or replacing myelotoxic immunosuppressive drugs with lower toxic alternatives, recognizing and treating promptly the aetiological microorganisms attenuating bone marrow suppression will enhance kidney graft survival.