Malaria, the exterminator of ~1.5 to 2.7 million human lives yearly, is a notorious disease known throughout the world. The eradication of this disease is difficult and a challenge to scientists. Vector elimination and effective chemotherapy for the patients are key tactics to be used in the fight against malaria. However, drug resistance and environmental and social concerns are the main hurdles in this fight against malaria. Overcoming these limitations is the major challenge for the 21st-century malarial researchers. Adapting the principles of nano-biotechnology to both vector control and patient therapy is the only solution to the problem. Several compounds such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acid and metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully used for the control of this lethal malaria disease. Other useful natural reagents such as microbes and their products, carbohydrates, vitamins, plant extracts and biodegradable polymers, are also used to control this disease. Among these particles, the plant-based particles such as leaf, root, stem, latex, and seed give the best antagonistic response against malaria. In the present review, we describe certain efforts related to the control, prevention and treatment of malaria. We hope that this review will open new doors for malarial research.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive disorder that causes the inhibition of neurotransmitter acetylcholine in brain cells. Fritillaria imperials belong to family liliaceae, comprises several steroidal alkaloids. The subsequent extraction of ethanoic extract was subjected to column and thin layer chromatography, which led to the isolation of two steroidal alkaloids, Dihydroimperialine (1) and imperialine (2). Dihydroimperialine (1) exhibited the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinestearse inhibitory activities with IC50 values as (>500 ± 0.23) and (14.40 ± 1.02), respectively. Compound 1 and imperialine (2) inhibited cholinesterase enzymes in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, molecular docking studies were also performed to investigate the binding mode of dihydroimperialine (1) with butyrylcholinestearse. The ligand-BChE complex were found to be stabilized by hydrophobic contacts, hydrogen bonding, and π-π stacking between the compounds and amino acid residues. The main object of this study to investigate the acetylcholinesterase and butyrlcholinestrase inhibitory activity from the bulb of F. imperials. This is the first report of the isolation of dihydroimperialine (1) form natural source.

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