Background: Since beauty standards have widely change over the last few decades, women feel self-conscious about having unwanted hair that leads to low self-esteem and some develop depression. Although hirsutism can be emotionally distressing, it can be treated. Females have a lot of pressure to undergo painful procedures of hair removing like plucking, treading and creams that can temporarily remove or reduce the visibility of unwanted facial and body hair. In the past two decades of digital technology, lasers have modernized their use in the treatment of many skin conditions including hirsutism. As intense pulsed light is economical and more cost effective, it can be a more suitable option for those who cannot meet the high expenses of laser treatment. Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of intense pulsed light in females with hirsutism. Study Design: Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st October 2020 to 30th September 2021. Methodology: Sixty patients of idiopathic hirsutism more than 15 years of age were enrolled. Both the history and examination were done. Diagnosis of idiopathic hirsutism was made on clinical examination using and necessary investigations. Those who had photosensitivity, hormonal therapy or hormonal disturbance, infertility, white hair hirsute, pregnancy, and history of keloid or hypertrophic scar were excluded from the study. Treatment was given for six sessions, with one month apart. Parameters of IPL were adjusted according to (Fitzpatrick) skin type, the density of hair, and fluency, the fluence will be increased subsequently depending upon the response of the patient. Post treatment, participants were evaluated and a 4-point scale was used to grade the results. Patients were told to revisit after 6 months to assess the regrowth of hair on face. Conclusion: Intense pulsed light is the cheap, effective and safe option for hirsutism that a third world country like ours needed where the socio-economic status is relatively low. Keywords: Idiopathic hirsutism, Intense pulsed light (IPL), Fitzpatrick skin type

Background: Psoriasis is a recurrent disfiguring skin disease, associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and with high occurrence of cardiovascular complications. This linked to the extent of disease, as it is often seen in those patients who have larger body areas involved with psoriasis. Objective: To estimate frequency of dyslipidemia in psoriatic patients and to determine the frequency of dyslipidemia in psoriatic patients based on the severity of disease. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi from 1stMarch 2017 to 30th September 2017. Methodology: One hundred and fifty cases were enrolled. All cases were enrolled and 3ml of blood was collected following 12 hrs of fasting for determination of lipid profile. Blood sample was sent to the Hospital laboratory and reports were verified by senior pathologists. Severity of psoriasis was determined according to PASI score. Results: Age of participants was between 18-60 years with mean 38.88±12.26 years and 29 (19.33%) male and 121 (80.67%) female cases. According to severity of disease, 50 (33.3%) cases had mild, 70 (46.7%) had moderate and 30(20%) cases had severe Psoriasis. The mean cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) was 12.91 ± 2.17, 8.93 ± 2.90, 5.0 ± 2.28 and 1.98 ± 0.31 respectively. There were 100(66.7%) cases who had dyslipidemia and 50(33.3%) had normal lipid profile. Conclusion: Frequency of dyslipidemia is very high and is associated with severity of psoriasis. Keywords: Psoriasis, Dyslipidemia, Lipid profile and Cardiovascular disease.

Background: Serum ferritin is a good indicator of quantifying the risk of hair loss among women. Iron lead to low serum ferritin level; therefore, a low serum ferritin level can precisely point toward iron deficiency. Objectives: To determine the mean serum ferritin levels in female patients with androgenetic alopecia. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi from 2nd October 2018 to 1st April 2019. Methodology: One hundred female patients with androgenic alopecia of all ages after puberty were included. Patients with scarring and other non-scarring alopecia, who had taken iron, vitamin B12, folic acid or multivitamin supplements, anticoagulants, anti-thyroid drugs, antimitotic drugs and oral contraceptives were excluded. After aseptic measures,5 ml of venous blood was drawn, into sterile and disposable plastic syringes. Serum ferritin was measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) test, based on sandwich ELISA. Results: Mean age was 33.94±6.29 years and 65 (65.0%) of patients ranged from 36 to 50 years. Average duration of disease was 6.25±2.43 months. Mean weight was 58.77±9.17 kg. Mean serum ferritin levels in female patients with androgenetic alopecia was 33.10±42.99ng/ml. Conclusion: Serum ferritin levels in female patients with androgenetic alopecia are low. Keywords: Androgenic alopecia, Serum ferritin levels

Background: Hirsutism is a medical condition characterized by presence of excessive terminal (coarse) hair among females in androgen-dependent areas. psychological well-being of females is negatively influenced by hirsutism. Poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of hirsutism. However, hirsutism is found to exist without any underlying cause and is known as idiopathic hirsutism (IH). Studies have shown correlation between skin type and hirsutism among PCOS cohorts; however, no such relationship is known to exist between skin type and idiopathic hirsutism. Objective: To determine association between skin type and idiopathic hirsutism. Study Design: Case control study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Dermatology, HIT Hospital Taxila from 1st March 2019 to 29th February 2020. Methodology: 118 cases and 133 controls were included in study after informed consent. Skin type was determined by Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) rating scale ranging from I to IV. Modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) visual four-point scale was used to quantify hirsutism into mild, moderate and severe. Results: Mean age of cases and controls was 31.01±9.5 years and 28.01±9.7 years respectively. Seventy four (62.7%) of cases and 88 (66.2%) controls had type III skin type. Eighty (67.8%) had mild (8-15) hirsutism. Statistically insignificant (P<0.05) association was found to exist between skin type and idiopathic hirsutism and severity of hirsutism. However, a statistically significant {P<0.05) association existed between hirsutism and BMI. Conclusion: Idiopathic hirsutism is found to have no association with skin type III or IV among Caucasians. However, this finding needs further investigation involving diverse population including representation from all skin types (I and II) Key Words: Idiopathic hirsutism, Skin types, PCOS, Hyperandrogenemia