Researchers have tried to investigate multiple factors affecting employees' social, emotional, and psychological well-being. In this study particularly, nurses' emotional and psychological well-being is considered. Of most important factors affecting well-being in place of work has known to be busy work and stress, constructive and destructive emotions, and psychological capital. Present study considered to test a developed model of psychological capital, constructive and destructive emotions, stress, anxiety, and depression as antecedents of wellbeing. 296 nurses took part in the survey, using path analysis method hypotheses were tested, and the proposed model was evaluated. Results indicated that nurses' high psychological capital increases their constructive emotions, reduces destructive emotions and eventually increase their well-being. The role of destructive emotions was more prominent in increasing wellbeing as well. Furthermore, stress had an incremental influence on well-being. In general, research results emphasize the need for more attention to the components of psychological capital, and intervention and coping strategies. The conclusions of a more detailed is that to improve nurses' well-being the more emphasize should be on decreasing destructive emotions than increasing constructive ones. In addition, keeping an optimal level of stress is necessary for good functioning and improvement of overall well-being.

Background: Smartphone applications play a pivotal role in management, providing care and preventing infectious diseases. It also has the potential impact on supportive and self-care. This study aimed to identify the requirements for a smartphones self-care system to prevent corona-virus (COVID-19). Materials & Methods:This was a descriptive study performed in two main stages in 2020. At the first stage, to recognize the requirements for a smartphones self-care system, similar articles were searched and identified. In the second stage, the identified requirements were validated through a researcher-made questionnaire. The sample size of the study consisted of infectious diseases specialists of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and frequency).Results: Requirements of the self-care system were identified in four areas: "demographic data, clinical requirements, selfcare strategies, and technical characteristics". Also, according to the research community, 5 data elements for demographic data, 11 data elements for clinical requirements, 5 data elements for self-care strategies, and 11 data elements for technical characteristics were selected. Conclusion:Applying the requirements and suggested strategies in the present study can improve self-care skills to prevent corona-virus, symptoms management, motivate and reduce stress, increase personal hygiene and communication with health care providers.

10.30699/jambs.30.139.129Background & Objective: Breast cancer patients need a variety of skills and abilities to deal with the consequences of the illness. Self-management is one of the operational strategies that leads to disease acceptance, treatment adherence, and improving the quality of life. The use of smartphone applications (apps) can play a pivotal role in the support and self-management of breast cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the educational contents and technical features of a selfmanagement smartphone app for women with breast cancer in Iran.Materials & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in 2020. The statistical population of the study consists of 120 women with breast cancer who were selected via simple random sampling. For data collection, a self-designed questionnaire was developed in which validity and reliability of the questionnaire was measured. The statistical analysis of the data was made using the SPSS software.Results: From the breast cancer patients' point of view, the most important educational contents of the smartphone app. include information acquisition (4.73), lifestyle management (4.65), symptom management (4.43), psychological management (4.01), and compatibility with changes (3.98) respectively. In terms of technical features the most important characteristics were ease of the app. use (4.83), simple visual interface (4.75), security and privacy of information (4.63), reminders (4.55) and the ability to communicate (4.42). Conclusion:For more effective smartphone apps, educational contents and technical features of apps should be designed based on the needs and preferences of patients. To ensure the use and acceptance of the app., developers should design apps that have technical requirements.

Background Mobile apps have been shown to play an important role in the management, care, and prevention of infectious diseases. Thus, skills for self-care—one of the most effective ways to prevent illness—can be improved through mobile health apps. Objective This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate an educational mobile-based self-care app in order to help the self-prevention of COVID-19 in underdeveloped countries. We intended the app to be easy to use, quick, and inexpensive. Methods In 2020 and 2021, we conducted a methodological study. Using the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) educational model, we developed a self-care management mobile app. According to the ADDIE model, an effective training and performance support tool is built through the 5 phases that comprise its name. There were 27 participants who conducted 2 evaluations of the mobile app’s usability and impact using the mobile health app usability and self-care inventory scales. The study design included pre- and posttesting. Results An Android app called MyShield was developed. The results of pre- and posttests showed that on a scale from 0 to 5, MyShield scored a performance average of 4.17 in the physical health dimension and an average of 3.88 in the mental well-being dimension, thereby showing positive effects on self-care skills. MyShield scored highly on the “interface and satisfaction,” “ease of use,” and “usefulness” components. Conclusions MyShield facilitates learning self-care skills at home, even during quarantine, increasing acquisition of information. Given its low development cost and the ADDIE educational design on which it is based, the app can be helpful in underdeveloped countries. Thus, low-income countries—often lacking other tools—can use the app as an effective tool for fighting COVID-19, if it becomes a standard mobile app recommended by the government.

Background and Aim: Health Information Technology helps individuals prevent COVID-19. Many information technology applications have been developed to prevent Coronavirus infection globally; however, the quality level of these applications is uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the usability of the Mask mobile application, which is designed to fight COVID-19. Materials and Methods:The Mask mobile application is evaluated in two phases in this study. In the first phase, five experts performed the evaluation by Jacob Nielsen's 10 general principles, and in the second phase, 124 participants evaluated the Mask mobile application. Data collection tools were the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire.Results: Mask mobile application was poor in experts evaluating it in terms of error prevention, flexibility, and efficiency. In the user-based test method, the user score of this application was 89 out of 100, which was equal to an excellent ranking and grade A. Conclusion:The results have indicated that the usability of the Mask mobile application to prevent COVID-19 has been excellent. As a result of the study, mobile application developers might improve or modify their existing mobile health application designs to achieve optimal outcomes.