Background Vaccination is a key intervention to prevent COVID-19. Many vaccines are administered globally, yet there is not much evidence regarding their safety and adverse effects. Iran also faces this challenge, especially as data regarding the Sputnik V vaccine is sparse. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the adverse effects of the most commonly used vaccines in Iran. Methods Using a retrospective cohort study design, 6600 subjects aged 18 years or older who had received two doses of any of the three COVID-19 vaccines (Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, and Sputnik V) were selected using a random sampling method between March and August 2021. Subjects were asked about any adverse effects of the vaccines by trained interviewers via telephone interview. Vaccine-related adverse effects in individuals during the first 72 h and subsequently following both doses of the vaccines were determined. The demographic variables, type of administered vaccine, adverse effects, and history of the previous infection with COVID-19 were collected. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytical statistics (Chi-squared and Wilcoxon tests) were performed at a 95% significance level using STATA software version 15 (STATA Corp, College Station, TX, USA). Results From 6600 participants, 4775 responded (response rate = 72.3%). Of the participants, 1460 (30.6%) received the AstraZeneca vaccine, 1564 (32.8%) received the Sinopharm vaccine and 1751 (36.7%) received the Sputnik V vaccine. 2653 participants (55.56%) reported adverse effects after the first dose and 1704 (35.7%) after the second dose. Sputnik V caused the most adverse effects with 1449 (82.7%) vaccine recipients reporting symptoms after the first or second dose, compared with 1030 (70.5%) for AstraZeneca and only 585 (37.4%) for the Sinopharm vaccine. The most common adverse effects after the first dose were fatigue (28.37%), chill/fever (26.86%), and skeletal pain (22.38%). These three adverse effects were the same for the second dose, although their prevalence was lower. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate that the Sputnik V vaccine has the highest rate of adverse effects, followed by the AstraZeneca and Sinopharm vaccines. COVID-19 vaccines used in Iran are safe and there were no reports of serious adverse effects.

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Before the implementation of Iranian Maternal and Neonatal Network (IMaN), our estimation of national and provincial stillbirth rate was limited to rural areas and a nonrandom urban subpopulation, without any details on maternal or neonatal conditions. →What this article adds:We estimated the average stillbirth rate of 7.42 per 1000 total births during 2014-2016 in Iran. The highest stillbirth rates occurred in the southeast and northwest of the country. Iran has achieved stillbirth target of Every Newborn Action Plan (12 per 1000 total births) at national level.

Hydatid cyst, caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus, is a zoonotic parasitic disease with public health importance. The disease is cosmopolitan and endemic in Iran. We conducted a retrospective study of the records of Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran to establish the proportion of lung and liver surgical procedures that were performed for removal of hydatid cyst and to investigate the demography of the population undergoing lung and liver hydatid cyst surgery in this hospital. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted of records of 682 patients who underwent liver (n = 404) or lung (n = 278) surgery from April 2009 to March 2013. In 404 liver surgeries, 111 (27.5%) diagnoses of hydatid cyst were verified. Liver hydatid infection demonstrated a significant age-related difference (p < 0.05). Cysts were found in 64 of 217 females (29.5%) and 47 of 187 males (25.1%). While in both sexes, more cysts were found in liver, the liver/lung ratio in females was significantly higher than in males (p < 0.001). Hydatid cyst was verified in 59 (21.2%) of 278 lung surgeries: 27 of 105 females (25.7%) and 32 of 173 males (18.5%). There was a significant relationship between sex and organ site (p < 0.001) with the proportion of hydatid cysts in males occurring in lung higher than seen in females. In the five investigated years, approximately 25% of liver and lung surgeries conducted at Milad Hospital were related to hydatidosis. Increasing public awareness of principles of avoiding infection could reduce the risk of nearly a quarter of liver and lung surgeries and costs associated with the treatment of hydatid cysts.